Abstract: Optical methods and devices for the thermal detection and imaging of infrared, sub-millimeter, millimeter and high energy radiation, wherein the thermal mass of the detector is minimized by the use of microscopic photoluminescent temperature probes having a weight mass which can be of the order of 10?11 grams or smaller. Used for detection of high energy radiation, including quantum calorimetry, said temperature probes allow non-contact measurements free of electrical sources of noise like Johnson noise or Joule heating.

Abstract: Optical methods and devices for the thermal detection and imaging of infrared, sub-millimeter, millimeter and high energy radiation, wherein the thermal mass of the detector is minimized by the use of microscopic photoluminescent temperature probes having a weight mass which can be of the order of 10?11 grams or smaller. Used for detection of high energy radiation, including quantum calorimetry, said temperature probes allow non-contact measurements free of electrical sources of noise like Johnson noise or Joule heating.

Abstract: Methods, materials and devices for the remote measurement of physical variables with fiber optic systems use a single excitation light source for generating through the use of at least one luminescence converter, both a signal beam and a reference beam, and allow the transmission of both beams through a single fiber to a single photodetector, thus producing photo-electric signals the relative intensities of which are only minimally affected by changes of the intensity of the interrogating light beam, optical losses, or detector drift. In contrast to the prior art, the luminescent materials of this invention can be used either as transducers for physical parameters or as means for processing information from other optical transducers, without requiring a change in the luminescence properties of said materials under the influence of the measured parameter.

Abstract: The present invention provides new methods and their associated materials and devices for the remote optical measurements of temperatures with luminescent sensors. These methods allow the use of a single sensor to measure temperatures over a wide range from the cryogenic regions to well above ambient temperatures, up to about 800 K depending on the sensor. Using fiber optic links a single, inexpensive light source, for example a light emitting diode, and a single photodetector are used to obtain normalized measurements from a sensor, only minimally affected by fluctuations in the intensity of the excitation light source, fiber and/or connector losses or detector drift. One preferred embodiment of this invention can be used with most luminescent materials and does not require a temperature-dependent change in the luminescence properties of the sensor within the temperature range being measured.

Abstract: Certain inexpensive industrial dyes are used in solution with non-interfering solvents as new lasing media in dye lasers.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring minute quantities of antigens, antibodies and other substances characterized by binding reactions with one another for forming a sandwich constituting an inner layer having a distribution of an unlabelled reagent, an intermediate layer having a distribution of the substance to be measured and an outer layer having a distribution of a fluorescent labelled reagent, the labelled and unlabelled reagents having the same biochemical specificity. Illumination from an excitation source is directed towards the sandwich and the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent label is detected for measuring minute quantities of the substance under diagnosis.

Abstract: A system and method for converting an infrared image to a visible image includes a luminescent film having two distinct visible spectral components that are temperature dependent, the intensity of one component decreasing with an increase in temperature and the intensity of the other component increasing with an increase in temperature. The infrared image is extracted from the ratio of the intensities of the components.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring minute quantities of antigens, antibodies and other substances characterized by binding reactions with one another for forming a sandwich constituting an inner layer having a distribution of an unlabelled reagent, an intermediate layer having a distribution of the substance to be analyzed and an outer layer having a distribution of a fluorescent labelled reagent, the labelled and unlabelled reagents having the same biochemical specificity. Illumination from an excitation source is directed towards the sandwich and the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent label is detected for measuring minute quantities of the substance under diagnosis.