Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and medications useful for the treatment of cerebral ischernia, cerebral insult, and cerebral disorders using the active treatment medication cyclosporin A, variants or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, inconditions, situations and methods wherein the blood-brain barrier has been opened, disrupted, bypassed, transgressed, obviated or crossed,such that cyclosporin A, variants or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof come into contact with neurons and neuron support cells. Included in the invention are methods for the use of the said pharmaceutical compositions and medications. Also included in the invention are conditions, situations and methods whereby the active treatment medication can come in contact with neurons and neuron support cells.