Abstract: An instrument (1), in which a main part (6) and a folding part (7) that can be extended therefrom are formed at the distal end (3) of a flexible shaft (2). The folding part (7) can be extended via a linkage (8) that can be adjusted by a spindle drive (9), and the spindle drive (9) can be driven from a proximal end (4) of the flexible shaft (2) via a flexible shaft (12).

Abstract: A method for concentrating an aqueous hydrogen halide starting solution, in particular hydrochloric acid, includes the steps of extractive distillation of the aqueous hydrogen halide starting solution in the presence of an extraction agent in a distillation device, removing hydrogen halide vapor and/or hydrogen halide gas from the upper portion of the distillation device, removing an extraction-agent-containing solution from the lower portion of the distillation device, concentrating the extraction-agent-containing solution which is removed from the lower portion of the distillation device in an evaporation device, and returning the extraction-agent-containing solution which is concentrated in the evaporation device to the distillation device, wherein the extraction-agent-containing solution removed from the lower portion of the distillation device is concentrated in the evaporation device by evaporation at a pressure which is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An instrument (1), in which a main part (6) and a folding part (7) that can be extended therefrom are formed at the distal end (3) of a flexible shaft (2). The folding part (7) can be extended via a linkage (8) that can be adjusted by a spindle drive (9), and the spindle drive (9) can be driven from a proximal end (4) of the flexible shaft (2) via a flexible shaft (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesizing hydrogen chloride from chlorine and hydrogen or from chlorine and hydrocarbons with integrated heat recovery. The combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are arranged in the steam drum of a shell boiler that works according to the waste heat boiler principle.

Abstract: In the case of a manipulation and/or examination instrument (1) which includes at least two links (2, 3) which are connected in an articulated manner to one another via a double joint (4), wherein a bend of the double joint (4) can be specified with at least two pushing and/or pulling elements (5, 6, 7, 34, 35, 36), whose respective lengths can be adjusted individually, it is proposed to form a pivot spacing (10) of the pivots (8, 9) of the double joint (4) to be longer than a free spacing (11) between the links (2, 3).

Abstract: In the case of a high-pressure cleaning instrument (1), it is proposed to form a flexible portion (7) of a liquid passage (3) between an instrument tip (4) and an operating end (19) in links (8, 9, 10) which are connected to one another in an articulated manner, wherein adjacent links (8, 9, 10) are connected to one another via at least one joint (11, 21) in each case and each have a pressure-application surface (14, 27) on a joint head (15, 24), with which pressure application surface the respective at least one joint (11, 21) is fixed or can be fixed in the liquid passage (3) in a pressure-dependent manner by an internal pressure.

Abstract: A sealed plate heat exchanger includes a frame body with two frame plates and a plate stack between the frame plates. The plate stack is formed of a plurality of heat-exchange plates. Fluid channels allow feeding and leading away of heat exchange fluids that flow through the intermediate space between the heat-exchange plates. Devices for applying force to the frame plates, apply pressure to the plate stack. Seals are provided for sealing between the heat-exchange plates of the plate stack. A center of area of the area of the force application to the frame plate lies within an area that results from a linear projection of the area of the plate stack onto the frame plate.

Abstract: A method for concentrating an aqueous hydrogen halide starting solution, in particular hydrochloric acid, includes the steps of extractive distillation of the aqueous hydrogen halide starting solution in the presence of an extraction agent in a distillation device, removing hydrogen halide vapor and/or hydrogen halide gas from the upper portion of the distillation device, removing an extraction-agent-containing solution from the lower portion of the distillation device, concentrating the extraction-agent-containing solution which is removed from the lower portion of the distillation device in an evaporation device, and returning the extraction-agent-containing solution which is concentrated in the evaporation device to the distillation device, wherein the extraction-agent-containing solution removed from the lower portion of the distillation device is concentrated in the evaporation device by evaporation at a pressure which is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture in a strongly exothermic reaction, consists of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least one first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones A and C. The zones are designed in such a way that an exothermic reaction can only occur in zone B, and with one or more feed lines for the fuel and for the oxidant, whereby zone A, which consists of the first porous material, is separated by a distance of approximately 10 mm to 4000 mm, for example approximately 20 mm to 500 mm, equating to one zone B, from zone C which consists of the second porous material and is located before zone C in a flow direction of the fuel/oxidant mixture.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesizing hydrogen chloride from chlorine and hydrogen or from chlorine and hydrocarbons with integrated heat recovery. The combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are arranged in the steam drum of a shell boiler that works according to the waste heat boiler principle.

Abstract: A body contains an open-pore silicon carbide which is at least partially impregnated with a resin. A method produces such a body and includes the steps of a) providing an open-pore silicon carbide, b) at least partially impregnating the open-pore silicon carbide with the resin and c) curing the resin. The body can be used as a pipe in a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A body includes a ceramic material and is suitable for use in a heat exchanger and for conducting fluids. An outer side of the body is at least partially encompassed by at least two fiber bundles in the longitudinal and/or circumferential direction and force-lockingly connected thereto. The fiber bundles are pre-tensioned and neighboring sections of the fiber bundles are disposed at a predetermined distance. A method for producing a body includes providing a body including a ceramic material and being suitable for use in a heat exchanger and for conducting fluids, and encompassing at least sections of the outer side of the body with at least two fiber bundles under a predetermined pretension forming a force-locking connection and with neighboring sections of the fiber bundle disposed at a predetermined distance. A heat exchanger pipe or tube sheet includes the body.

Abstract: A device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture in a strongly exothermic reaction, consists of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least one first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones A and C. The zones are designed in such a way that an exothermic reaction can only occur in zone B, and with one or more feed lines for the fuel and for the oxidant, whereby zone A, which consists of the first porous material, is separated by a distance of approximately 10 mm to 4000 mm, for example approximately 20 mm to 500 mm, equating to one zone B, from zone C which consists of the second porous material and is located before zone C in a flow direction of the fuel/oxidant mixture.

Abstract: A process is described for generating hydrogen through the oxidation of fuels that contain chemically bound hydrogen, in particular hydrocarbons, having the following process steps: a) introducing the fuel (1) as well as the oxidation agent (2) into a reactor (3) having a porous material (4?) that is embodied in such a way that flame propagation in a direction opposite the direction of flow is prevented, and b) reacting the fuel with the oxidation agent in partial oxidation so that hydrogen is obtained in gaseous form. In addition, an apparatus for generating hydrogen that has a reactor that contains a porous material (4, 4?), and the reactor (3) is embodied as a tubular reactor that has a central chamber (5) to introduce the fuel and the oxidation agent that extends in the axial direction and is delimited radially toward the outside by a first wall that has porous material (4), and the first wall is delimited radially toward the outside by a second wall that contains the porous material (4?).

Abstract: A heat exchanger block includes two plates having abutting surfaces with grooves forming passages in which gaseous medium to be cooled flows. Spaces through which a cooling medium flows and which directly adjoin outer surfaces of the plates are provided in the heat exchanger block.

Abstract: A process is described for generating hydrogen through the oxidation of fuels that contain chemically bound hydrogen, in particular hydrocarbons, having the following process steps: a) introducing the fuel (1) as well as the oxidation agent (2) into a reactor (3) having a porous material (4?) that is embodied in such a way that flame propagation in a direction opposite the direction of flow is prevented, and b) reacting the fuel with the oxidation agent in partial oxidation so that hydrogen is obtained in gaseous form. In addition, an apparatus for generating hydrogen that has a reactor that contains a porous material (4, 4?), and the reactor (3) is embodied as a tubular reactor that has a central chamber (5) to introduce the fuel and the oxidation agent that extends in the axial direction and is delimited radially toward the outside by a first wall that has porous material (4), and the first wall is delimited radially toward the outside by a second wall that contains the porous material (4?).

Abstract: A heat exchanger block includes two plates having abutting surfaces with grooves forming passages in which gaseous medium to be cooled flows. Spaces through which a cooling medium flows and which directly adjoin outer surfaces of the plates are provided in the heat exchanger block.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat exchanger assembly for combustion devices which operate by using condensing boiler technology and produce dust-containing flue gases, e.g. from the combustion of biomass, reduces the formation of dust deposits in flue gas channels of the heat exchanger. A heat exchanger assembly suitable for operation in the presence of dust-containing flue gases is also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen chloride includes reacting chlorine with water vapor in an endothermic reaction with heat being supplied in a first process step to give a mixture of hydrogen chloride and oxygen. Then in a second process step, chlorine that has not been reacted in the first process step is converted into hydrogen chloride in an exothermic reaction by the addition of a reducing agent and oxygen formed in the first process step is bound by the reducing agent. An apparatus has first and second reactors for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A process is described for generating hydrogen through the oxidation of fuels that contain chemically bound hydrogen, in particular hydrocarbons, having the following process steps: a) introducing the fuel (1) as well as the oxidation agent (2) into a reactor (3) having a porous material (4′) that is embodied in such a way that flame propagation in a direction opposite the direction of flow is prevented, and b) reacting the fuel with the oxidation agent in partial oxidation so that hydrogen is obtained in gaseous form.