Abstract: This invention relates to a treatment method and apparatus directed to improving water quality, increasing net energy production, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions without employing bioreactor processing for waters containing suspended organic solids, PPCPs, PFAS, negative colloids, heavy metals, phosphates, nitrates, carbonates, silicates, chlorides and sodium ions. It employs SO2, sulfites and bisulfites to self-agglomerate suspended organic solids with sorbed PFAS and PPCPs, and acid leach heavy metals into solution. Subsequent liming filtration separates of metal hydroxides and insoluble calcium salts while chemically conditioning the separated organic solids for gasification or burning. The second filtrate is then exposed to ultra violet light for pathogen disinfection, and exciting sulfites to remove nitrates, and degrade PFAS and PPCPs to form a disinfected metal free salt balanced reclaimed wastewater with reduced PFAS, PPCPs, pathogens and negligible nitrogen and phosphorous.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment method and apparatus separating suspended solids in influent wastewater streams, and injecting SO2 or sulfurous acid into the suspended solids at a pH and dwell time to generate sufficient sulfurous acid with free SO2, sulfites and bisulfites to self-agglomerate the suspended solids, acid leach heavy metals contained in and on the suspended solids into solution for subsequent separation, condition the suspended solids for chemical dewatering producing a dried biofuel biosolid with less than 10% by weight water and a BTU content between 6,000 and 9,000 BTU/lb., and gasifying or combusting the dried acid treated suspended solids to produce power or energy with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: An iron cation/sulfate alkalinization/sulfurous acid sulfide treatment method for industrial wastewaters to remove selenium and heavy metals to levels suitable for open stream discharge, land application, or power plant effluent discharge standards.

Abstract: An iron cation/sulfate alkalinization/sulfurous acid sulfide treatment method for industrial wastewaters to remove selenium and heavy metals to levels suitable for open stream discharge, land application, or power plant effluent discharge standards.

Abstract: A scaling inhibitor and disinfectant treatment method for waters containing contaminants such as selenium, heavy metals, bicarbonates, and phosphates using sulfurous acid to minimize scaling and prevent biofilms to protect reverse osmosis membranes, brine line conveyance systems, and water processing equipment.

Abstract: A method for producing acid washed wastewater cellulosic feed stock for ethanol production by injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing cellulosic solids for agglomeration and separation producing acid hydrolyzed conditioned cellulosic materials.

Abstract: A sulfurous acid/lime alkalinization pre-treatment sequential filtration method for industrial wastewaters containing colloids of starch, milk, whey, and other similar acting organic components to condition and remove a number of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and heavy metals before the treated filtrate is land applied or undergoes further biological nitrogen reduction for open stream discharge via anaerobic and aerobic treatment.

Abstract: A biostimulation method comprising injecting sulfur dioxide into water producing H+, SO2, SO3=, HSO3?, dithionous acid (H2S2O4), and other sulfur intermediate reduction products in sulfurous acid, and then applying the sulfurous acid at the oxidation reduction potential required to biostimulate either aerobic or anaerobic organisms at the active margins of the black shale and coal bed deposits at a pH sufficient to reduce bicarbonate and carbonate buildup to a) increase CO2 production to drive the production of methane by chemoautotrophic assimilation of CO2 by hydrogen consuming methanogens, b) increase porosity and flows through the black shale and coal bed deposits, and c) provide SO2, SO3?, HSO3?, and dithionous acid (H2S2O4) and other sulfur intermediate reduction products to provide soluble nutrients with bicarbonates and carbonate conducive to the growth of microbial consortia under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions to stimulate syntrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea to produce methane.

Abstract: A sulfurous acid/lime alkalinization pre-treatment sequential filtration method for industrial wastewaters containing colloids of starch, milk, whey, and other similar acting organic components to condition and remove a number of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and heavy metals before the treated filtrate is land applied or undergoes further biological nitrogen reduction for open stream discharge via anaerobic and aerobic treatment.

Abstract: A rapidly installed intermittent flow and storm water treatment method and apparatus employing rapid solids separation and sulfur dioxide chemical dewatering technology to produce disinfected reclaimed storm water with heavy metals removed and diluted nutrients suitable for open stream or land application.

Abstract: A biomining enhancement method for metal sulfide ores using sulfurous acid for microbial leaching of heavy metals into solution for subsequent removal via electro winning, ion exchange, or precipitation with alkaline and nutrient reagents for filtration removal.

Abstract: A rapidly installed intermittent flow and storm water treatment method and apparatus employing rapid solids separation and sulfur dioxide chemical dewatering technology to produce disinfected reclaimed storm water with heavy metals removed and diluted nutrients suitable for open stream or land application.

Abstract: A redox ore leaching treatment method utilizing sulfurous acid to act as either an oxidizing or a reducing solution via pH adjustment for ore leaching and bioleaching.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing suspended solids to undergo ultra violet disinfection to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) to self-agglomerate and precipitate solids from the wastewater for settling or filtration removal and provide acid to reduce bicarbonate and mineral scaling and microbial buildup on ultraviolet light tubes to improve their performance.

Abstract: A method of conditioning, separating, drying, and comminuting sulfurous acid treated wastewater suspended solids for addition to aerobic and anaerobic digesters to provide electron donor carbon and sulfur compounds to increase the removal rate of ammonia, nitrates/nitrites, and BOD compounds.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing suspended solids to undergo ultra violet disinfection to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) to self-agglomerate and precipitate solids from the wastewater for settling or filtration removal and provide acid to reduce bicarbonate and mineral scaling and microbial buildup on ultraviolet light tubes to improve their performance.

Abstract: A method for sulfurous acid leaching of heavy metals from soils into a contaminated water fraction for subsequent precipitation with alkaline and nutrient reagents for filtration removal to provide a metal free soil and reclaimed water suitable for raising crops and open stream discharge.

Abstract: A hybrid chemical/mechanical water treatment plant and method employing rapid sulfur dioxide chemical disinfection and dewatering technology in conjunction with lime and oxidization/reduction agents to removal pharmaceuticals and personal care products from waters to meet operating constraints and environmental permitting restrictions and siting limitations for water treatment.

Abstract: A biostimulation method of the production of methane and petroleum from microbial metabolism at the margins of a basin where the organic matter is less mature and hydrologic flow systems are active.

Abstract: A method for treating ballast water with sulfurous acid to kill invasive species and remove oxygen from the ballast water to preserve hulls from rusting.