Abstract: Systems and methods for capturing and mosaicking images of one or more surfaces of a collapsed cavity are described. One embodiment includes capturing images using an endoscope, where the optics of the endoscope are radially symmetrical, locating the optical center and dewarping each of the captured images by mapping the image from polar coordinates centered on the optical center of the image to rectangular coordinates, discarding portions of each dewarped image to create high clarity dewarped images, estimating the motion of the endoscope with respect to the interior surface of the cavity that occurred between successive high clarity dewarped images, registering the high clarity dewarped images with respect to each other using the estimates of motion, and combining the registered high clarity dewarped images to create at least one mosaic.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting and measuring motion from images capture during capsule endoscopy in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, an endoscope system configured to generate a spatial index of images captured along a passageway includes a processor and a camera configured to capture a plurality of images as the camera moves along a passageway, wherein the processor is configured to compare sets of at least two images from the plurality of images, determine motion of the camera along the passageway using the sets of at least two images, determine the distance the camera traveled along the passageway at the point at which an image in each of the sets of at least two images was captured, and generate a spatial index for the plurality of images by associating distances traveled along the passageway with the images.

Abstract: Systems and methods for capturing and mosaicking images of one or more surfaces of a collapsed cavity are described. A number of embodiments are capable of performing mosaicking in real time. Many embodiments are configured to perform multiple passes during motion estimation and/or registration to improve the quality of the resulting mosaic(s).

Abstract: A rate adaptive pacemaker and method of operation, where the sensor-indicated rate is adjusted as a function of sensed sinus rate. The pacemaker is particularly adapted for VDDR operation. The natural sinus rate is compared to the sensor-indicated rate at one or more rates, and the sensor response function is adjusted, or adapted as a function of such comparisons, so as to optimize sensing of the atrial rate and maintenance of synchronous operation. The rate response function may be adjusted specifically at upper pacing limit, and may also be adjusted as a function of comparisons made at other rates.