Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for extracting a kerogen-based product from subsurface (oil) shale formations. These methods rely on chemically modifying the shale-bound kerogen using a chemical oxidant so as to render it mobile. The oxidant is provided to a formation fluid in contact with the kerogen in the subsurface shale. A mobile kerogen-based product which includes the organic acids is withdrawn from the subsurface shale formation and processed to isolate the organic acids contained therein. The isolated organic acids are upgraded by a reaction process that make the products suitable as refinery feedstocks, fuel or lubricant blendstocks, reaction intermediates, chemical feedstocks, or chemical intermediate blendstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for extracting a kerogen-based product from subsurface (oil) shale formations. These methods rely on chemically modifying the shale-bound kerogen using a chemical oxidant so as to render it mobile. The oxidant is provided to a formation fluid in contact with the kerogen in the subsurface shale. An alkaline material is also provided to the formation fluid to mobilize organic acids which are produced during oxidation of the kerogen. A mobile kerogen-based product which includes the organic acids is withdrawn from the subsurface shale formation and further processed to isolate the organic acids contained therein. These organic acids are valuable as hydrocarbon products for creating commercial products and a portion of these organic acids can also be used in the process for extracting the kerogen-based product from the subsurface shale formation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for extracting a kerogen-based product from subsurface (oil) shale formations. These methods rely on chemically modifying the shale-bound kerogen using a chemical oxidant so as to render it mobile. The oxidant is provided to a formation fluid in contact with the kerogen in the subsurface shale. An alkaline material is also provided to the formation fluid to mobilize organic acids which are produced during oxidation of the kerogen. A mobile kerogen-based product which includes the organic acids is withdrawn from the subsurface shale formation and further processed to isolate the organic acids contained therein.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first power combiner/divider network and a second power combiner/divider network. The first power combiner/divider network splits a first electromagnetic signal into split signals that are connectable to signal processor(s). The second power combiner/divider network combines processed signals into a second electromagnetic signal. The apparatus includes a three-dimensional coaxial microstructure.

Abstract: A transfer dish for dental materials has a bottom surface, a top surface and a front surface. The top surface is designed with troughs for receiving pre-dosed amounts of dental material for application which have, in the front area, a plane ramp sloping toward a rear area, and, in the rear area, the troughs have a concave wall adjacent to a transition area. The transition area is designed as an osculating curve of the concave wall with respect to the plane ramp, and the trough, in a top view, has the contour of a U which is open toward a front area of the transfer dish. The ramp tapers in width toward the front area of the transfer dish.

Abstract: A modular unit for mounting on at least two different designs of self-propelled grass treatment machine, each machine having a number of mounting locations for mounting respective modular units and in which the mounting locations of one machine are different in type or design from the mounting locations on the other machine The modular unit contains a frame having end frame plates spaced apart from each other transversely with respect to the direction of forward travel of the machine; rotatable mountings provided on the end frame plates; a rotatable grass-treatment device having a drive shaft extending between the rotatable mountings, and provided with working elements arranged along its length; a device for applying drive to the shaft; and mounting points provided on the frame of the modular unit to accept at least two different types and/or arrangements of fitting brackets that permit the modular unit to be mounted on the grass treatment machines.

Abstract: A modular unit for mounting on at least two different designs of self-propelled grass treatment machine, each machine having a main frame provided with a number of mounting locations for mounting respective modular units and in which the mounting locations of one machine are different in type or design from the mounting locations on the other machine, and in which the modular unit is operative to carry out a required grass treatment action when mounted in position.