Abstract: A method of promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation in a subject in need of tissue repair and/or regenerative therapy involves administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a hydrogel that includes orange-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) having a diameter ranging from 10 to 500 nm and showing pro-angiogenic activity. The orange-derived EVs are dispersed in a hydrogel matrix and are releasable from the hydrogel matrix. A method for preparing the pharmaceutical composition in the form of a hydrogel is also provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising a population of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) having a diameter ranging from 10 to 500 nm and showing pro-angiogenic, and anti-bacterial activity, for use in therapeutic applications is provided. A method for loading one or more negatively-charged biologically-active molecules into the population of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is also provided.

Abstract: Active loading of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an exogenous molecule without damaging the extracellular vesicles is provided. A composition comprising a population of extracellular vesicles loaded with an exogenous molecule, which have maintained their integrity, original endogenous cargo and functionality, compared to unloaded controls is also provided. Extracellular vesicles are derived from a stem cell, preferably an adult stem cell, or from a biological fluid, a conditioned cell medium or a tissue culture medium.