Abstract: A method for iteratively decoding read bits in a solid state storage device, wherein the read bits are encoded with a Q-ary LDPC code defined over a binary-extension Galois field GF(2r) and having length N. The method comprises: determining a binary Tanner graph of the Q-ary LDPC code based on a binary coset representation of the Galois field GF(2r) the binary Tanner graph comprising (2r?1) binary variable nodes, (2r?1?r) binary parity-check nodes each one connected to one or more binary variable nodes according to the binary coset representation and (2r?1) binary check nodes each one connected to a respective binary variable node mapping the read bits into N symbols providing each symbol of the N symbols to a respective Q-ary variable node; providing each bit of the symbol to a respective binary variable node of the respective Q-ary variable node and iteratively decoding each symbol.

Abstract: A method is proposed for decoding read bits including information bits from memory cells of a solid state drive. The method comprises determining a reliability indication indicative of a reliability of the read bits, and iterating the following sequence of steps: soft decoding the read bits based on said reliability indication in order to obtain said information bits, determining at least one among a time indication indicative of a time elapsed since a last writing of the memory cells and a temperature indication indicative of a temperature of the memory cells, and applying at least one among said time indication and said temperature indication to said reliability indication. A corresponding solid state drive is also proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for decoding read bits including information bits from memory cells of a solid-state drive. The method comprises providing an indication of reliability of the read bits, and, based on the indication of reliability, iteratively soft decoding the read bits in order to obtain the information bits, wherein the soft decoding comprises, at each iteration of the soft decoding, if the current number of iterations has reached a predetermined number of iterations indicative of an admitted latency of the solid state drive, and if no information bits having an error rate below a predetermined error rate have been obtained, providing a further indication of reliability of the read bits, and iteratively soft decoding the read bits based on the further indication of reliability. The invention also relates to a corresponding controller and a corresponding solid-state drive.

Abstract: A method is proposed for decoding bits stored in memory cells of a solid state drive. Each memory cell comprises a floating gate transistor adapted to store a bit pattern, among a plurality of possible bit patterns, when programmed at a threshold voltage associated with that bit pattern, each threshold voltage being variable over the memory cells thereby defining, for each bit pattern, a corresponding threshold voltage distribution. The bit pattern of each memory cell comprises first and second bits, and the solid state drive is suitable for reading the bit patterns based on fixed reference voltages, each one designed to discern between two respective adjacent threshold voltage distributions, and on additional reference voltages different from the fixed reference voltages. The solid state drive is capable of soft decoding the read bit patterns based on soft information.

Abstract: A method is proposed for decoding read bits including information bits from memory cells of a solid state drive. The method comprises providing an indication of reliability of the read bits, and, based on said indication of reliability, iteratively soft decoding the read bits in order to obtain said information bits. Said soft decoding comprises, at each iteration of the soft decoding, if the current number of iterations has reached a predetermined number of iterations indicative of an admitted latency of the solid state drive, and if no information bits having an error rate below a predetermined error rate have been obtained, providing a further indication of reliability of the read bits, and iteratively soft decoding the read bits based on said further indication of reliability. A corresponding solid state drive is also proposed.

Abstract: A method is proposed for decoding read bits including information bits from memory cells of a solid state drive. The method comprises determining a reliability indication indicative of a reliability of the read bits, and iterating the following sequence of steps: soft decoding the read bits based on said reliability indication in order to obtain said information bits, determining at least one among a time indication indicative of a time elapsed since a last writing of the memory cells and a temperature indication indicative of a temperature of the memory cells, and applying at least one among said time indication and said temperature indication to said reliability indication. A corresponding solid state drive is also proposed.

Abstract: A method is proposed for decoding bits stored in memory cells of a solid state drive. Each memory cell comprises a floating gate transistor adapted to store a bit pattern, among a plurality of possible bit patterns, when programmed at a threshold voltage associated with that bit pattern, each threshold voltage being variable over the memory cells thereby defining, for each bit pattern, a corresponding threshold voltage distribution. The bit pattern of each memory cell comprises first and second bits, and the solid state drive is suitable for reading the bit patterns based on fixed reference voltages, each one designed to discern between two respective adjacent threshold voltage distributions, and on additional reference voltages different from the fixed reference voltages. The solid state drive is capable of soft decoding the read bit patterns based on soft information.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises memory cells each one for storing a symbol among a plurality of possible symbols that the memory cell is designed to store. The controller comprises a unit for encoding information bits into encoded bits; a unit for mapping the encoded bits into the symbols, wherein the symbols are determined based on a plurality of allowed symbols, among the possible symbols, that the memory cells are allowed to store, whereas the symbols, among the possible symbols, other than the allowed symbols define forbidden symbols not allowed to be stored in the memory cells; a unit for demapping read symbols and for providing an indication of the reliability of the read symbols based on the forbidden symbols; and a unit for soft decoding the read symbols according to the reliability indication thereby obtaining the information bits.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises a plurality of memory cells each one storing a symbol among a plurality of possible symbols. Each bit of each symbol is associated with a respective memory page. The controller comprises a spreading unit configured to mark a memory page whose bit error rate overruns an admitted bit error rate as a failed memory page, or as an unfailed memory page otherwise, and to determine allowed symbols that are allowed to be stored in a group of memory cells associated with the failed memory page. The allowed symbols are a subset of the possible symbols such that the bits of the allowed symbols associated with the unfailed memory pages include all possible bit combinations. The controller comprises a writing unit configured to write information bits into the group of memory cells according to the allowed symbols.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises a plurality of memory cells, wherein each memory cell comprises a floating gate transistor for storing a symbol when programmed with a threshold voltage associated with that symbol, and wherein each threshold voltage is variable over the memory cells of the plurality of memory cells thereby defining a corresponding threshold voltage distribution.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises memory cells each one for storing a symbol among a plurality of possible symbols that the memory cell is designed to store.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises a plurality of memory cells. Each memory cell can store a symbol among a plurality of possible symbols the memory cell is designed to store, wherein each bit of each symbol is associated with a respective memory page. The memory cells are programmed and read simultaneously at memory page level.

Abstract: A controller for a solid state drive is proposed. The solid state drive comprises a plurality of memory cells, wherein each memory cell comprises a floating gate transistor for storing a symbol when programmed with a threshold voltage associated with that symbol, and wherein each threshold voltage is variable over the memory cells of the plurality of memory cells thereby defining a corresponding threshold voltage distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to nucleic acids encoding materials identified herein as modulators of weight. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules for use as molecular probes, or as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, i.e., synthetic or natural oligonucleotides.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question function as a hormone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone.