Abstract: An optical data center network system including multiple tier-1 optical switches, multiple tier-2 optical switches and multiple tier-3 optical switches is provided. A pod is formed by the tier-1 optical switches connected to each other through ribbon fibers. A macro pod is formed by the tier-2 optical switches connected to each other through ribbon fibers, and each of the tier-2 optical switches is connected to all of the tier-1 optical switches in one pod. The tier-3 optical switches are connected to each other through ribbon fibers, and each of the tier-3 optical switches is connected to all of the tier-2 optical switches in one macro pod. Each optical switch in each tier is implemented by using the Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) as a basic element, which has been commercialized numerously.

Abstract: An optical data center network system including multiple tier-1 optical switches, multiple tier-2 optical switches and multiple tier-3 optical switches is provided. A pod is formed by the tier-1 optical switches connected to each other through ribbon fibers. A macro pod is formed by the tier-2 optical switches connected to each other through ribbon fibers, and each of the tier-2 optical switches is connected to all of the tier-1 optical switches in one pod. The tier-3 optical switches are connected to each other through ribbon fibers, and each of the tier-3 optical switches is connected to all of the tier-2 optical switches in one macro pod. Each optical switch in each tier is implemented by using the Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) as a basic element, which has been commercialized numerously.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division node includes an optical splitter, a plurality of optical circulators, and a colorless light source module. The optical splitter receives and splits a downstream signal light source into a first-path and a second-path signal light source. The optical circulator in a first-order position receives and transmits the first-path signal light source to an optical network unit in a first-order position, and receives a return signal and passes it to a next optical circulator, and finally the optical circulator in a last-order position receives the return signal and transmits it. The colorless light source module receives the second-path signal light source and the return signal transmitted by the optical circulator in a last-order position, and uses the second-path signal light source to modulate the return signal to generate an upstream signal light source to be transmitted to the optical line terminal by the optical splitter.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division node includes an optical splitter, a plurality of optical circulators, and a colorless light source module. The optical splitter receives and splits a downstream signal light source into a first-path and a second-path signal light source. The optical circulator in a first-order position receives and transmits the first-path signal light source to an optical network unit in a first-order position, and receives a return signal and passes it to a next optical circulator, and finally the optical circulator in a last-order position receives the return signal and transmits it. The colorless light source module receives the second-path signal light source and the return signal transmitted by the optical circulator in a last-order position, and uses the second-path signal light source to modulate the return signal to generate an upstream signal light source to be transmitted to the optical line terminal by the optical splitter.

Abstract: A signal transmission system for a peer-to-peer optical network. The system includes an optical line terminal, an optical distribution node, and a plurality of optical network units. The optical network unit and the optical distribution node are connected in a tree distribution having an ordered relation. The optical line terminal transmits optic signals via the optical distribution node to a first ordered optical network unit, to allow the first ordered optical network unit to process the optic signals and to generate combined optic signals, which are transmitted to a next ordered optical network unit via the optical distribution node. The above steps are iterated, until a last ordered optical network unit transmits combined optic signals to the optical line terminal via the optical distribution node.

Abstract: A passive optical network (PON) system supporting wireless communication includes an optical line terminal (OLT) configured on a central office, an optical distribution network (ODN), and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) respectively configured on user ends. The ODN is connected to the OLT and the ONUs in a one-to-many manner. The OLT sends a downstream optical signal to the ODN, and receives an upstream optical signal. The ODN circularly guides the optical signal to each ONU. Each ONU receives and reflects the downstream optical signal, processes the received downstream optical signal, receives and processes the upstream optical signal, carries an electrical signal to be uploaded into the upstream optical signal, and carries data received by a remote antenna into the upstream optical signal. Through the above architecture, the PON system supports wireless communication.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for medium access control (MAC) in an optical packet-switched network. The MAC apparatus may comprise a bandwidth allocation module and an MAC processor. The bandwidth allocation module determines a data transmission limit based on a probabilistic quota plus credit mechanism for each node of the network, dynamically informs all downstream nodes of unused quota and allows the downstream nodes to use remaining bandwidths of the upstream node. Through a control message carried by a control channel, the MAC processor determines uploading, downloading and data erasing for a plurality of data channels, and updates the corresponding contents in the control message.

Abstract: A signal transmission system for a peer-to-peer optical network. The system includes an optical line terminal, an optical distribution node, and a plurality of optical network units. The optical network unit and the optical distribution node are connected in a tree distribution having an ordered relation. The optical line terminal transmits optic signals via the optical distribution node to a first ordered optical network unit, to allow the first ordered optical network unit to process the optic signals and to generate combined optic signals, which are transmitted to a next ordered optical network unit via the optical distribution node. The above steps are iterated, until a last ordered optical network unit transmits combined optic signals to the optical line terminal via the optical distribution node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distributed controlled passive optical network system and bandwidth control method thereof. The system comprises an optical line terminal (OLT), plural optical network units (ONUs) and a splitter with combiner. Each ONU has a first Tx/Rx for respectively transmitting and receiving data packets on an upstream data channel and a downstream data channel, and a second Tx/Rx for transmitting and receiving control signals/commands on a control channel. Upstream data of each ONU is carried by the upstream data channel and sent to the OLT through the splitter with combiner. Downstream data of the OLT is carried by the downstream data channel and sent to corresponding ONUs through the splitter with combiner. With the control signals/commands carried by the control channel, the required information of network status among the ONUs is provided.

Abstract: A passive optical network (PON) system supporting wireless communication includes an optical line terminal (OLT) configured on a central office, an optical distribution network (ODN), and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) respectively configured on user ends. The ODN is connected to the OLT and the ONUs in a one-to-many manner. The OLT sends a downstream optical signal to the ODN, and receives an upstream optical signal. The ODN circularly guides the optical signal to each ONU. Each ONU receives and reflects the downstream optical signal, processes the received downstream optical signal, receives and processes the upstream optical signal, carries an electrical signal to be uploaded into the upstream optical signal, and carries data received by a remote antenna into the upstream optical signal. Through the above architecture, the PON system supports wireless communication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distributed controlled passive optical network system and bandwidth control method thereof. The system comprises an optical line terminal (OLT), plural optical network units (ONUs) and a splitter with combiner. Each ONU has a first Tx/Rx for respectively transmitting and receiving data packets on an upstream data channel and a downstream data channel, and a second Tx/Rx for transmitting and receiving control signals/commands on a control channel. Upstream data of each ONU is carried by the upstream data channel and sent to the OLT through the splitter with combiner. Downstream data of the OLT is carried by the downstream data channel and sent to corresponding ONUs through the splitter with combiner.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for medium access control (MAC) in an optical packet-switched network. The MAC apparatus may comprise a bandwidth allocation module and an MAC processor. The bandwidth allocation module determines a data transmission limit based on a probabilistic quota plus credit mechanism for each node of the network, dynamically informs all downstream nodes of unused quota and allows the downstream nodes use remaining bandwidths of the upstream node. Through a control message carried by a control channel, the MAC processor determines uploading, downloading and data erasing for a plurality of data channels, and updates the corresponding contents in the control message.

Abstract: An all-optical label swapping system and method superimposes a low-speed ASK label on top of a high-speed DC-balanced-line-coded ASK payload. An old ASK label is erased by modulating the combined payload and label signal with the inverse of the received ASK label. This ASK labeling technique requires only low speed external modulators and low speed optical receivers to perform the label swapping mechanism, and does not require sophisticated optical components.

Abstract: There is disclosed an QoS-oriented burstification method supporting various grades of burstification delay guarantee. For the arrival packets, the packets are sequentially inserted in a sequence of windows on weight basis, thereby forming a queue. The window size together with the weight of each flow determines a maximum number of packets of each flow in a window. For the departure packets, there is generated a burst consisting of a plurality of packets from the head of the queue when either a total number of packets reaches a maximum burst size or a burst assembly timer expires.

Abstract: In a multiple access control system with intelligent bandwidth allocation for wireless ATM networks, an intelligent bandwidth allocator is provided for statically allocating reservation type bandwidth and dynamically allocating contention type bandwidth to the mobile terminal. A traffic estimator/predicator is provided for predicting the CNF value of a subsequent frame by the CNF value of at least one frame, and determining the number of the SCR slots and ABR slots to be allocated. A multiple access controller is used for providing the reservation type bandwidth with a multiple access function in a reservation access manner, and providing the contention type bandwidth with a multiple access function in a contention access manner.

Abstract: In a multiple access control system with intelligent bandwidth allocation for wireless ATM networks, an intelligent bandwidth allocator is provided for statically allocating reservation type bandwidth and dynamically allocating contention type bandwidth to the mobile terminal. A traffic estimator/predicator is provided for predicting the CNF value of a subsequent frame by the CNF value of at least one frame, and determining the number of the SCR slots and ABR slots to be allocated. A multiple access controller is used for providing the reservation type bandwidth with a multiple access function in a reservation access manner, and providing the contention type bandwidth with a multiple access function in a contention access manner.

Abstract: There is disclosed an QoS-oriented burstification method supporting various grades of burstification delay guarantee. For the arrival packets, the packets are sequentially inserted in a sequence of windows on weight basis, thereby forming a queue. The window size together with the weight of each flow determines a maximum number of packets of each flow in a window. For the departure packets, there is generated a burst consisting of a plurality of packets from the head of the queue when either a total number of packets reaches a maximum burst size or a burst assembly timer expires.

Abstract: A message scheduler uses two thresholds to place cells into a queue. One determines, for a non-full queue, where to place high-delay-priority cells in relationship to low-delay-priority cells, and the other determines, for a fall queue, which low loss-priority cells to push out to make room for a high-loss-priority cell.

Abstract: The inventive system mainly includes a synchronization marker at a transmitting site and a synchronization forcer at a receiving site connecting to each other via computer networks. The synchronization marker performs the sequential mark marking of frames per every marking interval. The synchronization forcer regulates the play time of the audio signals and their corresponding video signals according to their sequential marks. The inventive system can determine precisely about the minimum marking interval yielding a bounded skew requirement. Consequently, the invention satisfies any given skew requirement under various buffer size and traffic arrivals while imposing minimal overhead.