Abstract: The L2 protein of papillomavirus (particularly BPV-2 and BPV-4) has been cloned as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase and GST; both as the whole protein and as fragments. Vaccination of calves is found to have both a prophylactic effect in tumour prevention and a therapeutic effect in tumour regression.

Abstract: The N-terminal region of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-4) L2 protein includes three immunogenically active epitopes. Two of these epitopes have substantial sequence homology to human papillomavirus (HPV) types. The BPV and HPV sequences are used to produce vaccine formulations for use in cattle and humans.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical formulations for Immunizing against papillomavirus tumors or lesions. Formulations may be selected from the group consisting of: (i) a formulation which comprises a papillomavirus (PV) L2 protein or fragment thereof that is effective to provide a protective effect to lessen the occurrence and severity of lesions or tumors caused by PV infection and an aluminum compound; (ii) a formulation which comprises a bovine papillomavirus (BPV) L2 protein or said fragment thereof and an aluminum compound: (iii) a formulation which comprises a BPV4 L2 protein or said fragment thereof and an aluminum compound; (iv) a formulation which comprises a BPV-4 protein or said fragment thereof and an adjuvant; (v) a formulation which comprises a BPV-4 L2 protein or said fragment thereof and an adjuvant; and (vi) a formulation which comprises a BPV4 protein or said fragment thereof and an aluminum compound.