Abstract: An integrated (silicon based) packaging/wiring structure provides for VLSI chips 4 to be placed within openings of somewhat larger size in a semiconductor interconnection wafer (IW, 2) supported by a carrier 1. The interconnection wafer 2 includes multilevel (ML) wiring planes and incorporated circuit components integrated in a less demanding technology as compared to the VLSI chips 4. Silicon contact chips 5 with conductive surface layers 22, 23 placed over the chip/IW plane provide for the required interconnections by means of needle-like structures 24 inserted in corresponding via holes. The needles are better suited to withstand shear strain than are conventional C-4 (Controlled Collapse Chip Connection) joints. Consequently a much higher number of chip pads can be provided. Power supply is effected via rather large-dimensioned conductive planes, e.g.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk comprises a magnetic layer consisting of a binder and magnetic particles, a silicon substrate and abrasion-resistant material formed on the silicon substrate. The abrasion-resistant material is in the form of elevations which protrude from the silicon substrate and whose surface is coplanar with the surface of the magnetic layer. The abrasion-resistant elevations are formed on the substrate in a predetermined uniform distribution either after the surface of the substrate has been blanket doped and/or covered with a layer comprising aluminum as a main component, by tempering and optionally oxidizing; or after the surface of the substrate has been selectively doped, by etching off the undoped regions of the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A sufficiently thick gliding layer is produced on the recording surface of a record carrier of the type comprising an aluminum layer applied over a lacquer layer coated on a support layer. The back surface of the support layer is also coated with a lacquer layer. A fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids is admixed with one of the two lacquer layers and a metal-diketone or a metal-keto-ester is admixed with the other lacquer layer in approximately in a stoichiometric ratio to the fatty acid. Following the coating of the material with aluminum in a vacuum, the record carrier material is wound into a roll, and stored.

Abstract: A record carrier is formed with a substrate, a lacquer layer, and a metallic layer, with the lacquer layer containing from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of fine particles of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing compact, cellulose acetobutyrate based lacquer layers with a high degree of dullness for record carriers coated with a metallic or metalliferous layer, wherein high-molecular polysaccharides, having side chains and containing lignin, are admixed with the basic lacquer compound as a filler with a particle size distribution of less than 10 .mu.m and a molecular weight of about 10.sup.6.

Abstract: A record carrier for electro-erosion printers in which the surface of the lacquer (3) and consequently also the surface of the superimposed aluminum layer (5) show a multitude of shallow dimples (6) in the .mu. range which are very small compared with the front surfaces of the print electrodes, which are of maximum uniformity, and whose spacing is equally in the .mu. range.

Abstract: For record carrier material, the front and the back sides of which are provided with a lacquer layer and the front side of which is coated with an aluminum layer, one of the two lacquer layers is admixed with a material, such as metal azide, which forms a metal radical suitable for reacting with fatty acids, while at least one of the lacquer layers is admixed with a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids.

Abstract: To reduce scratches on the aluminum-covered front surface of a record carrier substrate having a back surface covered with a nitrocellulose lacquer, 0.1 to 2 percent by weight of a fatty acid, as referred to the weight of the wet lacquer, is added to the last applied layer of lacquer. When the record carrier is wound into a roll, the aluminum layer contacts and reacts with the fatty acid forming a sliding layer.

Abstract: A record carrier for an electro-erosion printer having an outer metal layer surface with roughness of high frequency, low amplitude and a soft, rounded-off waviness practically without edges or steps.

Abstract: A process for producing a mechanically stable, heat resistant lacquer for record carriers on a cellulose monobutyrate basis, whereby the cellulose aceto monobutyrate and a polyvinyl ester copolymer with long aliphatic side chains are mixed with each other and are processed in the form of a lacquer after addition of the fillers and/or pigments.

Abstract: After having been pretreated by kneading at its softening temperature, a cellulose acetate is subjected to block polymerization by being kneaded with, for example, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymerizate, at its mean softening temperature. If necessary, the block copolymerizate may be subsequently cross-linked by adding a peroxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for reducing, or completely eliminating, traces of abrasion or scratches on the surface of a record carrier covered with a thin metallic layer, preferably consisting of aluminum. The process is characterized in that the surface of the record carrier is covered with a 2 to 1000 nm thick layer of a metallic soap, preferably a saturated metallic soap, an unsaturated metallic soap or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The lacquer contains a white pigment with a grain size bigger than all other pigments in the lacquer. This white pigment either changes its color itself under the influence of heat, or under the influence of heat with a substance coacting with the pigment. Preferably used is a natural or synthetic hard polymer, or in particular, calcium carbonate with an admixture of approximately 10% sodium glycolate.

Abstract: A method for doping silicon bodies by the diffusion of boron into the bodies is described. The method is an improvement of processes where the silicon bodies are exposed in a first heating process to a gas mixture containing a predetermined boron quantity and boron and oxygen in a predetermined quantitative ratio and a second heating process is used to drive the boron into the silicon. In the method, a borosilicate glass layer and a boron-rich silicon dioxide layer are removed by first immersing the silicon body in hydrofluoric acid diluted with water and subsequently in an aqueous sulfuric acid/potassium permanganate solution.

Abstract: A solar collector having a lens array serving as a light incidence surface that focuses the light energy onto radiation passages in a coating located in the focal plane of the lens array, the coating having a radiation reflecting surface on the side away from the incident light and the radiation passages being enabled through energy that is locally effective through focusing of impinging light.

Abstract: A solar collector having a lens array serving as a light incidence surface that focuses the light energy onto radiation passages in a coating located in the focal plane of the lens array, the coating having a radiation reflecting surface on the side away from the incident light and the radiation passages being enabled through energy that is locally effective through focusing of impinging light.

Abstract: An open diffusion method of doping a silicon body with boron. In a first open diffusion heating step, a boron glass is deposited upon the silicon body with a silicon-rich boron phase (SiB.sub.6) formed beneath the glass where deposition is directly on silicon. The boron glass and SiB.sub.6 layer are formed by exposing the silicon body to a gas mixture containing a predetermined boron quantity and boron and oxygen in a predetermined quantitative ratio. Etching steps then permit the removal of the boron glass without deleteriously affecting the SiB.sub.6 layer or underlying silicon, or uncontrollably affecting any SiO.sub.2 masking layers. In a second heating step, at least a part of the boron from the SiB.sub.6 layer is driven into the silicon in an inert or oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of making silicon solar cells and other silicon photovoltaic cells. The method includes the steps of forming a silicon element having a metallic electrode coating on one surface of the element, applying to the other surface of the element a coating containing aluminum and silicon and heating the coated element at a temperature below the eutectic temperature of aluminum-silicon to form an antireflective coating of a fine matrix of silicon pyramids doped with aluminum. The matrix formed on the surface of the silicon has an overlying aluminum coating. A portion of the aluminum coating is removed to expose the matrix for use as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing Phosphorus-doped surface layers in semiconductor substrates. The surface of the substrate is wetted with hot phosphoric acid and then coated prior to diffusion with a layer of material which is stable at the diffusion temperature.

Abstract: X-ray fluorescence produced by a primary X-ray beam incident at a very flat angle (below 1.degree.) onto the surface of a specimen contained in a vacuum chamber is used to analyze shallow layers and/or to determine depths of shallow surface layers, such as a very thin (typically between about 10A and 10.sup.3 A) silicon coating on Al or Cu layers which overlay a silicon substrate. Semiconductor profile determination may be another application of the invention.