Abstract: An oligosaccharide ingredient comprising glycosylated amino acids and peptides of the general formula RnSacm where R is an amino acid residue, Sac is a monosaccharide selected from the group comprising N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl galactosamine and galactose, n has a value between (1) and (10) with the proviso that if n has the value (1) R is a threonine residue or a serine residue and if n has a value between (2) and (10) the peptide contains at least one threonine or serine residue, m has a value between (2) and (4) and at least (20) mol % of the ingredient is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.

Abstract: A nutritional composition comprising a partially hydrolysed milk protein having a degree of hydrolysis between 15 and 25% and 50 to 1000 nanograms of TGF-? per 100 ml of ready to consume composition and methods for the primary prevention of allergic reactions to newly introduced dietary protein at weaning and the prevention of development of atopic diseases in a young mammal at weaning comprising feeding to the young mammal a therapeutic amount of the composition are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition suitable for use in the prevention or treatment of otitis media comprising IgA derived from mature bovine milk and having specificity for at least one of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The invention further extends to the use of such a composition in the prevention or treatment of otitis media.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of an oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-neohexaose, para-lacto-N-hexaose, para-lacto-N-neohexaose, lacto-N-octaose, lacto-N-neooctaose, iso-lacto-N-octaose, para-lacto-N-octaose and lacto-N-decaose in the manufacture of a medicament for infants or a therapeutic nutritional composition for infants for modulating immune responses in a neonatal infant. The invention extends to the use of such an oligosaccharide for modulating the immune system of a neonatal infant to promote the development in the first few weeks of the life of the infant of a beneficial intestinal microbiota comparable with that found in breast fed infants and for reducing the risk of subsequent development of allergy in the infant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a synthetic nutritional composition suitable for use in the prevention of secondary infections following a viral infection characterised by neuraminidase activity comprising a sialylated oligosaccharide and N-acetyl-lactosamine and/or an oligosaccharide containing N-acetyl-lactosamine The invention further extends to the use of such a composition in the prevention of secondary infections such as otitis media.

Abstract: The use of probiotic bacteria in the manufacture of a medicament or therapeutic nutritional composition for reducing the risk of subsequent development of allergy in infants delivered by caesarean section.

Abstract: The use of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and a probiotic Bifidobacterium longumin the manufacture of a medicament or therapeutic nutritional composition for administration to an infant during at least the first three months of life for the long-term prophylaxis of diarrhoea in infants and young children.

Abstract: The use of Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM 1-3446 in the manufacture of a medicament or therapeutic nutritional composition for promoting the development of an early bifidogenic intestinal microbiota in infants delivered by caesarean section is disclosed.

Abstract: The use of probiotic bacteria in the manufacture of a medicament or therapeutic nutritional composition for preventing or treating diarrhoea in infants delivered by caesarean section.

Abstract: The use of a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and an oligosaccharide mixture which comprises 5-70 wt % of at least one N-acetylated oligosaccharide selected from the group comprising GalNAc?1,3Gal?1,4Glc and Gal?1,6GalNAc?1,3Gal?1,4Glc, 20-90 wt % of at least one neutral oligosaccharide selected from the group comprising Gal?1,6Gal, Gal?1,6Gal?1,4Glc Gal?1,6Gal?1,6Glc, Gal?1,3Gal?1,3Glc, Gal? 1,3Gal? 1,4GIc, Gal? 1,6Gal? 1,6Gal? 1,4GIc, Gal? 1,6Gal? 1,3Gal? 1,4GIc Gal?1,3Gal?1,6Gal?1,4Glc and Gal?1,3Gal?1,3Gal?1, 4GIc and 5-50 wt % of at least one sialylated oligosaccharide selected from the group comprising NeuAc?2,3Gal?1,4GIc and NeuAc?2,6Gal?1,4Glc in the manufacture of a medicament or therapeutic nutritional composition for promoting the development of an early bifidogenic intestinal microbiota in infants delivered by caesarean section is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infant formula comprising a source of protein in an amount of not more than 2.0 g/100 kcal, a source of lipids, a source of carbohydrate and a probiotic wherein the probiotic is present in an amount equivalent to between 102 and 105 cfu/g of dry formula. The invention further extends to the use of such an infant formula to modulate the immune system of a neonatal infant to promote the development in the first few weeks of the life of the infant of a beneficial intestinal microbiota comparable with that found in breast fed babies as well as to promote the maturation of the immune system of a neonatal infant in the first few weeks of life.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising a bacterial strain capable of boosting the systemic immune response, a bacterial strain capable of exerting bacteriostatic effects on pathogens associated with development of otitis media such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, untypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis and a bacterial strain capable of exerting bacteriocidal effects on such pathogens. The invention further extends to the use of such a composition in the prevention or treatment of otitis media.