Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) RF-L-RH??(I) in which RF is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, RH is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) RF-L-RH??(I) in which RF is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, RH is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the fluidity and/or the spreadability of the native lung surfactant in a human or animal in need of such treatment, wherein the human or animal is administered with a fluorocarbon composition. The invention further relates to therapeutic compositions comprising a fluorocarbon, optionally in combination with a phospholipid, and their use as lung surfactant supplements.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon emulsions comprising a stabilizing, particle size controlling fluorophilic/hydrophilic compound which can have the formula RF1—W—RH1  (I) wherein RF1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-14 fluorocarbon group; RH1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; and W is absent or is a bivalent species chosen from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, or various fluorinated structures. Use of the fluorophilic/lipophilic compound in the dispersions of the invention provides stable particle size and efficient emulsification. The dispersions of the invention can comprise biologically useful additive and can be used for various purposes, as oxygen carriers, contrast agents, or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon emulsions comprising a stabilizing, particle size controlling fluorophilic/hydrophilic compound which can have the formulaR.sub.F.sup.1 --W--R.sub.H.sup.1 (I)whereinR.sub.F.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.2-14 fluorocarbon group;R.sub.H.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.2-18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; andW is absent or is a bivalent species chosen from the group consisting of --O--, --S--, or various fluorinated structures. Use of the fluorophilic/lipophilic compound in the dispersions of the invention provides stable particle size and efficient emulsification. The dispersions of the invention can comprise biologically useful additive and can be used for various purposes, as oxygen carriers, contrast agents, or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: Multiple emulsions comprising a discontinuous emulsified phase incorporating a highly polar liquid, a second component selected from the group consisting of fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons and a continuous hydrophobic phase are disclosed. In preferred embodiments, the hydrophobic phase may comprise a fluorocarbon or hydrocarbon. Additionally, the stable multiple emulsions of the present invention may further incorporate a bioactive agent and are particularly suitable for drug delivery including pulmonary drug delivery.

Abstract: Microstructures formed from fluorinated amphiphiles and mixed fluorinated and non-fluorinated amphiphiles and having the geometry of tubules, helixes and fibers and methods for preparing them. Tubular forms are capable of encapsulating or incorporating bioactive agents or other useful substances for controlled release in vivo.

Abstract: Stable reverse water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions and water-in-fluorocarbon-in-water multiple emulsions comprising the reverse fluorocarbon emulsions. The reverse emulsions comprise a continuous phase which is a highly fluorinated or perfluorinated compound, a discontinuous aqueous phase and a fluorinated surfactant or mixture of surfactants. The multiple emulsions comprise an aqueous continuous phase and a discontinuous phase comprising globules formed of aqueous droplets dispersed into a highly fluorinated or perfluorinated compound. The emulsions can contain pharmacologically active agents, and are particularly suitable for pulmonary drug delivery.

Abstract: Novel hydrocarbon oil/fluorochemical preparations and methods for their use are provided. The preparations, which preferably comprise a fluorophilic dispersing agent, may be in the form of hydrocarbon oil-in-fluorochemical dispersions or in the form of a multiple emulsion comprising a polar liquid continuous phase and are particularly useful for administering bioactive agents. In particular the preparations of the present invention may be used to control the bioavailability and improve the efficacy of lipophilic bioactive agents having limited solubility in an aqueous physiological environment.

Abstract: Compositions for topical application in gel form comprising a fluorocarbon or perfluorocarbon compound or mixtures thereof at a concentration of at least about 75% v/v, a minor quantity of a surface active agent and an aqueous phase.The compositions provide a storage-stable high concentration fluorocarbon gel that is prepared without the use of thickeners or additional stabilizing agents. The gels are useful in formulations for pharmaceutical, cosmetic purposes and for other products as well.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## are useful as surfactants in the preparation of fluorocarbon emulsions, which can be used as oxygen-carrying blood substitutes, and for many other therapeutic and diagnostic applications. They are further useful in liposomal formulations which are themselves therapeutic agents or provide a vehicle for such agents.