Abstract: A capacitive transducer includes a substrate having an opening in a surface thereof, a back plate facing the opening in the substrate, a vibration electrode film facing the back plate across a space, the vibration electrode film being deformable to have a deformation converted into a change in capacitance between the vibration electrode film and the back plate, the vibration electrode film having a through-hole as a pressure relief hole, and a protrusion integral with and formed from the same member as the back plate, the protrusion being placeable in the pressure relief hole before the vibration electrode film deforms. The protrusion and the pressure relief hole have a gap therebetween defining an airflow channel as a pressure relief channel.

Abstract: A capacitive transducer includes a substrate having an opening in a surface thereof, a back plate facing the opening in the substrate, a vibration electrode film facing the back plate across a space, the vibration electrode film being deformable to have a deformation converted into a change in capacitance between the vibration electrode film and the back plate, the vibration electrode film having a through-hole as a pressure relief hole, and a protrusion integral with and formed from the same member as the back plate, the protrusion being placeable in the pressure relief hole before the vibration electrode film deforms. The protrusion and the pressure relief hole have a gap therebetween defining an airflow channel as a pressure relief channel.

Abstract: A light sensor includes an element forming region having a light detection region. The element forming region excluding the light detection region is covered with a conductive film having a light shielding property, and the light detection region is covered with a conductive film having a light transmissive property. A method for preventing electromagnetic noise from entering a light sensor includes applying an electromagnetic shield conductive film to the light sensor and removing the electromagnetic shield conductive film at a region of the light sensor facing a light detection region.