Abstract: A method and composition is described for controlling the growth of fouling materials, such as scale, in aqueous systems using a tagged (fluorescent) polymer. The tagged polymer can be a fluorescent polymer which has at least one fluorescent monomeric unit derived from a fluorophore which has at least one terminal end comprising an olefinic group. The method of controlling the growth of at least one fouling material in an aqueous system can include the steps of adding the tagged polymer to the aqueous system to be treated, fluorometrically monitoring the concentration of the tagged polymer, and adjusting, as needed, the concentration of the tagged polymer and proportionally used water treatment compound or compounds effective to control the growth of at least one fouling material. The adjustment of pH before determination of the fluorescence signal can be employed to increase sensitivity of the fluorophore and minimize background interference.

Abstract: A method and composition is described for controlling the growth of fouling materials, such as scale, in aqueous systems using a tagged (fluorescent) polymer. The tagged polymer can be a fluorescent polymer which has at least one fluorescent monomeric unit derived from a fluorophore which has at least one terminal end comprising an olefinic group. The method of controlling the growth of at least one fouling material in an aqueous system can include the steps of adding the tagged polymer to the aqueous system to be treated, fluorometrically monitoring the concentration of the tagged polymer, and adjusting, as needed, the concentration of the tagged polymer and proportionally used water treatment compound or compounds effective to control the growth of at least one fouling material. The adjustment of pH before determination of the fluorescence signal can be employed to increase sensitivity of the fluorophore and minimize background interference.

Abstract: The invention relates to control fungal growth on tanned hides, using cyanodithiocarbimates of formula (I): X is a halogen; R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1–C14 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2–C14 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2–C14 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted group defined by Y—Ar—(CH2)m— or by Z—(CH2)n—; Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group selected from phenyl, or naphthyl; Y is H, halogen, NO2, R1, R1O, R1R2N; Z is NC, R1O, R1OC(O), R1OCH2CH2(OCH2CH2)p m ranges from 0 to 3; n ranges from 0 to 3; p ranges from 0 to 3; and R1 and R2 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C1–C5 alkyl.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of the microbicide propiconazole, (RS)-1-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-propyl-1,3-dioxalan-2ylmethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, is described. In the method, propiconazole and a potentiator, an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound, its salt, or a mixture thereof, are applied to a substrate or aqueous system subject to the growth of microorganisms. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound, its salt, or a mixture thereof is applied in an amount effective to increase the microbicidal activity of the microbicide. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound has the formula: The variable “n” ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. Microbicidal compositions are described where propiconazole and an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound, its salt, or a mixture thereof are present in a combined amount: effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of a biocide is described. In the method, at least one biocide and at least one diethanolamide are applied to a substrate or aqueous system subject to the growth of microorganisms. The diethanolamide is applied in an amount effective to increase the biocidal activity of the biocide. Biocidal compositions are described where the biocide and the diethanolamide are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates and in various aqueous systems are also described. The combination of the biocide and the diethanolamide is particularly useful as a biocide in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in industrial process waters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one sulfamic acid or salt thereof to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one sulfamic acid or salt thereof to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the fouling organisms. The sulfamic acid used in the method of the invention has the formula R1R2NS(O)2(OH). In this formula, R1 and R2 are independently a hydrogen, a C4-C20 alkyl group or a cyclohexyl group. However, R1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of a biocide is described. In the method, at least one biocide and at least one diethanolamide are applied to a substrate or aqueous system subject to the growth of microorganisms. The diethanolamide is applied in an amount effective to increase the biocidal activity of the biocide. Biocidal compositions are described where the biocide and the diethanolamide are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates and in various aqueous systems are also described. The combination of the biocide and the diethanolamide is particularly useful as a biocide in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in industrial process waters.

Abstract: 5′-substituted, 4′,5′-dihydropsoralen compounds (5) bearing tertiary amines (and salts thereof), quaternary ammonium moieties or organomercurial moieties are described. Also described are 2-substituted mercurimethyl-2-3-dihydro-benzofurans of forumla (7): Also reported are versatile direct syntheses through a hitherto unknown compounds such as 3-R-4,8-dimethyl-4′,5′-dihydro-5′-bromomethylpsoralen or a 3-R-4,8-dimethyl-4′, 5′-dihydro-5′-iodomethylpsoralen to prepare a structurally diverse array of partially reduced psoralens and benzofurans. The presence of a permanent ammonium charge in these psoralens precludes membrane passage and the mono-unsaturation precludes the cross-linking of nuclear DNA, thereby minimizing the mutagenic/carcinogenic side effects long associated with psoralen-derived therapies.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of a biocide is described. In the method, at least one biocide and at least one diethanolamide are applied to a substrate or aqueous system subject to the growth of microorganisms. The diethanolamide is applied in an amount effective to increase the biocidal activity of the biocide. Biocidal compositions are described where the biocide and the diethanolamide are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates and in various aqueous systems are also described. The combination of the biocide and the diethanolamide is particularly useful as a biocide in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in industrial process waters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one sulfonamide to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one sulfonamide to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the fouling organisms. The sulfonamide used in the method of the invention has the following formula: The present invention also relates to a composition containing the sulfonamides and useable in the above methods. The compositions comprise at least one sulfonamide in an amount effective to inhibit bacteria from adhering to submergible or submerged surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4′-substituted-4′,5′-dihydropsoralen compounds of formula(V): In the formula R is hydrogen, a halogen, CN or an acyl group; T is a halogen, CN, a carboalkoxy group NR1R2, or (N+R1R2R3)X−, R1 and R2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen form a 5-8 member heterocyclic ring, or when T is (N+R1R2R3)X−, R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen form a 5-8 member heterocyclic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring; R3 is hydrogen, a C1-C12 alkyl, or, when R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen form a heterocyclic aromatic ring, R3 is a double bond within the heterocyclic aromatic ring; X− is a halide. In another embodiment, the invention relates to processes for preparing 4′-substituted-4′,5′-dihydropsoralen compounds described above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one polyglycol fatty acid ester to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one polyglycol fatty acid ester to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the fouling organisms. The present invention also relates to a composition containing polyglycol fatty acid esters and useable in the above methods. The compositions comprise at least one polyglycol fatty acid ester in an amount effective to inhibit bacteria from adhering to submergible or submerged surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one sulfamic acid or salt thereof to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one sulfamic acid or salt thereof to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the fouling organisms. The sulfamic acid used in the method of the invention has the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 NS(O).sub.2 (OH). In this formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 alkyl group or a cyclohexyl group. However, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both hydrogen. Alternatively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Microbicidal compositions are described. The compositions comprise (a) 2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) and (b) an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound of the formula: ##STR1## The variable "n" ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by ##STR2## is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. Components (a) and (b) are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates or in aqueous systems are also described. Also described is the industrial application of the microbicidal composition in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of a microbicide is described, wherein a microbicide and an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound are applied to a substrate or aqueous system subject to the growth of microorganisms. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound is applied in an amount effective to increase the microbicidal activity of the microbicide. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound has the formula: ##STR1## The variable "In" ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by ##STR2## is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. Microbicidal compositions are described where the microbicide and the N-alkyl heterocyclic compound are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates and in various aqueous systems are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one amide to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one amide to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the bacteria. The amide used in the method of the invention has the following formula: ##STR1## The present invention also relates to compositions containing amides and useable in the above methods. The compositions comprise at least one amide in an amount effective to inhibit bacteria from adhering to submergible or submerged surfaces.

Abstract: Compositions for controlling the growth of microorganisms in or on a product, material, or medium comprising synergistically effective amounts of (a) dodecylmorpholine or a salt thereof and (b) dodecylamine or a salt thereof are disclosed. Methods to control the growth of microorganisms and prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms with the use of the compositions of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of an anti-fungal compound is described. In the method, an anti-fungal compound and an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof are administered to a mammal in a combined amount effective to treat a fungal infection. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound or salt thereof is present in an amount effective to potentiate or increase the anti-fungal activity of the anti-fungal compound. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound has the formula: ##STR1## The variable "n" ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by ##STR2## is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. A pharmaceutical composition is described where the anti-fungal compound and the N-alkyl heterocyclic compound or salt thereof are present in a combined amount effective to treat a fungal infection.

Abstract: Microbicidal compositions are described. The compositions comprise (a) 2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) and (b) an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound of the formula: The variable “n” ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. Components (a) and (b) are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates or in aqueous systems are also described. Also described is the industrial application of the microbicidal composition in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Microbicidal compositions are described. The compositions comprise (a) 2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) and (b) an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound of the formula: The variable “n” ranges from 5 to 17, and the heterocyclic ring defined by is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having four to eight members. Components (a) and (b) are present in a combined amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms on various substrates or in aqueous systems are also described. Also described is the industrial application of the microbicidal composition in the leather industry, the lumber industry, the papermaking industry, the textile industry, the agricultural industry, and the coating industry, as well as in aqueous systems.