Abstract: To overcome the pile-up effect in a scintillation detection system, in particular in a scintillation counter, electrical pulses leaving the scintillation detection system are passed through a first and a second circuit line. In the first line, they are not changed with respect to shape and time. In the second line, they are corrected with a delay of the wave front rise. The output signal of the second line is subtracted from the output signal of the first line such that the contribution of any previous pulse that precedes by a short period of time is subtracted from the amplitude of each pulse. The delay is achieved, for example, by inserting a rapid amplifier in the first line, and a slow amplifier or a low pass filter in the second line. The subtraction is achieved e.g. by means of a rapid differential amplifier.

Abstract: The pacemaker comprises an indicating micro-electrode in association with a reference electrode and inserted in the patient's body in contact with the blood to measure the pH of the blood. This measuring device is connected, through an impedance adapter, to the input of an amplifier which amplifies the mV output of the measuring device by at least a thousand times, and the output of the amplifier is supplied to the input of a transistorized oscillator generating signals of variable frequency in accordance with its input. The oscillator is connected to a cathode follower to furnish the energy necessary for the impulses for the cardiac stimulation which, as known, are applied to an electrode inserted in the cardiac muscular tissue of the ventricle of the heart. A limiter is connected to the input of the amplifier. The amplifier may be either a direct current amplifier or an alternating current amplifier.