Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) can have a reusable delay line, a plurality of coupling devices, and a free propagation region (FPR). The delay line can have a continuous first waveguide connected to receive a plurality of wavelengths. Each coupling device can have a second waveguide coupled to a respective portion of the continuous first waveguide. The FPR can have input and output ends. The input end of the FPR can be coupled to receive the radiation from each of the coupling devices. The radiation can be directed to spatially-separated output channels based on wavelength at the output end of the FPR. The plurality of coupling devices and the delay line are configured to control power and phase distributions of the radiation transmitted to the FPR.

Abstract: A laser system for generating a narrow linewidth semiconductor light beam includes a substrate, a gain chip affixed on the substrate and configured to amplify light beam, and an optical feedback photonic chip affixed on the substrate, optically coupled to the gain chip, and configured to output light beam, which has a narrow linewidth around a resonant frequency of the optical feedback photonic chip, to the gain chip.

Abstract: A laser system for generating a narrow linewidth semiconductor light beam includes a substrate, a gain chip affixed on the substrate and configured to amplify light beam, and an optical feedback photonic chip affixed on the substrate, optically coupled to the gain chip, and configured to output light beam, which has a narrow linewidth around a resonant frequency of the optical feedback photonic chip, to the gain chip. The optical feedback photonic chip includes first and second optical gratings, a first multimode interferometer (MMI) and a second MMI optically coupled with a respective end of the first and second optical gratings, a third MMI configured to output two light beams to the first and second MMIs, respectively, through a respective waveguide.

Abstract: A laser system for generating a narrow linewidth semiconductor light beam includes a substrate, a gain chip affixed on the substrate and configured to amplify light beam, and an optical feedback photonic chip affixed on the substrate, optically coupled to the gain chip, and configured to output light beam, which has a narrow linewidth around a resonant frequency of the optical feedback photonic chip, to the gain chip. The optical feedback photonic chip includes first and second optical gratings, a first multimode interferometer (MMI) and a second MMI optically coupled with a respective end of the first and second optical gratings, a third MIMI configured to output two light beams to the first and second MMIs, respectively, through a respective waveguide.

Abstract: A waveguide Bragg grating includes a silicon substrate defining a length, a width and a depth and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) cladding over the silicon substrate and encasing a silicon nitride (Si3Ni4) core extending along the length of the silicon substrate and defining a variable width and thickness; wherein the silicon nitride (Si3Ni4) core is configured as and functions as a complex Bragg grating waveguide. The waveguide Bragg grating is designed by determining a grating profile of the silicon nitride (Si3Ni4) core from a Layer Peeling algorithm and a Layer Adding algorithm; and mapping the grating profile to a 1-layer waveguide structure with varying width dimensions. The method further relates the grating profile to an effective index variation and maps the range of the effective index variation to the structure. The width corresponds to a single specific effective index. A method of manufacturing is also disclosed.

Abstract: An easy-to-fabricate and highly efficient single-mode optical fiber-to-single-mode optical waveguide coupler having relatively large horizontal and vertical alignment tolerances between the fiber and the waveguide coupler. The waveguide coupler also features ease of end-facet cleaving. The waveguide coupler can be used in ultra-broadband high coupling efficiency applications or other suitable applications. Single-mode on-chip waveguides incorporating such coupler(s) are also provided, as are methods of manufacturing the waveguide coupler and on-chip waveguide.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stability of a three wheel vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel, each of the wheels having a tire with a tire grip threshold. The method including deploying an electronic stability system (ESS) on the vehicle, providing the ESS with input from various vehicle sensors related to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle, causing the ESS to determine whether (i) a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and (ii) the tire grip threshold of any of the tires has been exceeded; and when a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and the tire grip threshold of none of the tires has been exceeded, causing the ESS to reduce the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle by a first amount less than that which would cause the tire grip threshold of any of the tires to be exceeded.

Abstract: A method of controlling a three-wheeled vehicle comprises: determining a state of a load sensor associated with a portion of vehicle; selecting a first start mass when the load sensor is in a non-loaded state; selecting a second start mass when the load sensor is in a loaded state; determining at least one vehicle parameter during operation of the vehicle; determining a calculated mass based at least in part on the at least one vehicle parameter; determining an effective mass based at least in part on the calculated mass and a selected one of the first and second start masses; defining an output of an electronic stability system of the vehicle based at least in part on the effective mass; and controlling a stability of the vehicle using the output of the electronic stability system.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stability of a three wheel vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel, each of the wheels having a tire with a tire grip threshold. The method including deploying an electronic stability system (ESS) on the vehicle, providing the ESS with input from various vehicle sensors related to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle, causing the ESS to determine whether (i) a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and (ii) the tire grip threshold of any of the tires has been exceeded; and when a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and the tire grip threshold of none of the tires has been exceeded, causing the ESS to reduce the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle by a first amount less than that which would cause the tire grip threshold of any of the tires to be exceeded.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stability of a three wheel vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel, each of the wheels having a tire with a tire grip threshold. The method including deploying an electronic stability system (ESS) on the vehicle, providing the ESS with input from various vehicle sensors related to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle, causing the ESS to determine whether (i) a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and (ii) the tire grip threshold of any of the tires has been exceeded; and when a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and the tire grip threshold of none of the tires has been exceeded, causing the ESS to reduce the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle by a first amount less than that which would cause the tire grip threshold of any of the tires to be exceeded.

Abstract: A method of controlling a three-wheeled vehicle comprises: determining a state of a load sensor associated with a portion of vehicle; selecting a first start mass when the load sensor is in a non-loaded state; selecting a second start mass when the load sensor is in a loaded state; determining at least one vehicle parameter during operation of the vehicle; determining a calculated mass based at least in part on the at least one vehicle parameter; determining an effective mass based at least in part on the calculated mass and a selected one of the first and second start masses; defining an output of an electronic stability system of the vehicle based at least in part on the effective mass; and controlling a stability of the vehicle using the output of the electronic stability system.

Abstract: A vehicle comprising a seat defining a driver seat portion and a passenger seat portion, an electronic stability system, adapted to receive inputs from a load sensor, a wheel rotation sensor and a lateral acceleration sensor, the electronic stability system adapted to provide outputs to at least one of the brake system for braking the vehicle, and the engine control unit to change the power output transmitted to the wheels by the engine, the electronic stability system using a first calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a non-loaded state and a second calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a loaded state.

Abstract: A vehicle comprising a seat defining a driver seat portion and a passenger seat portion, an electronic stability system, adapted to receive inputs from a load sensor, a wheel rotation sensor and a lateral acceleration sensor, the electronic stability system adapted to provide outputs to at least one of the brake system for braking the vehicle, and the engine control unit to change the power output transmitted to the wheels by the engine, the electronic stability system using a first calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a non-loaded state and a second calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a loaded state.

Abstract: A vehicle comprising a seat defining a driver seat portion and a passenger seat portion, an electronic stability system, adapted to receive inputs from a load sensor, a wheel rotation sensor and a lateral acceleration sensor, the electronic stability system adapted to provide outputs to at least one of the brake system for braking the vehicle, and the engine control unit to change the power output transmitted to the wheels by the engine, the electronic stability system using a first calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a non-loaded state and a second calibration to determine the outputs when the load sensor is in a loaded state.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stability of a three wheel vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel, each of the wheels having a tire with a tire grip threshold. The method including deploying an electronic stability system (ESS) on the vehicle, providing the ESS with input from various vehicle sensors related to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle, causing the ESS to determine whether (i) a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and (ii) the tire grip threshold of any of the tires has been exceeded; and when a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and the tire grip threshold of none of the tires has been exceeded, causing the ESS to reduce the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle by a first amount less than that which would cause the tire grip threshold of any of the tires to be exceeded.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stability of a three wheel vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel, each of the wheels having a tire with a tire grip threshold. The method including deploying an electronic stability system (ESS) on the vehicle, providing the ESS with input from various vehicle sensors related to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle, causing the ESS to determine whether (i) a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and (ii) the tire grip threshold of any of the tires has been exceeded; and when a precursory condition indicative of a wheel lift exists and the tire grip threshold of none of the tires has been exceeded, causing the ESS to reduce the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle by a first amount less than that which would cause the tire grip threshold of any of the tires to be exceeded.

Abstract: A stepper system for ultra-high resolution nano-lithography employs a photolithographic mask which includes a layer of an electrically conductive optically opaque material in which periodic arrays of sub-wavelength apertures are formed. The plasmonic excitation in the photolithographic mask exposed to the light of the wavelength in the range of 197 nm-248 nm, produces high resolution far-field radiation patterns of sufficient intensity to expose a photoresist on a wafer. The stepper system demonstrates the resiliency to the mask defects and ability to imprint coherent clear features of nano dimensions (45 nm-500 nm) and various shapes on the wafers for integrated circuits design. The stepper system may be adjusted to image the plane of the highest plasmonic field exiting the mask.

Abstract: A nanophotolithography mask includes a layer of an electrically conductive optically opaque material deposited on a mask substrate in which regular arrays of sub-wavelength apertures are formed. The plasmonic excitation in the layer perforated with the sub-wavelength apertures arrays under the light incident on the mask produces high resolution far-field radiation patterns of sufficient intensity to expose a photoresist on a wafer when propagated to the same. The fill-factor of the mask, i.e., the ratio of the total apertures area to the total mask area, may lead to a significant increase in mask manufacturing throughput by FIB or electron beam “writing”. The mask demonstrates the defect resiliency and ability to imprint coherent clear features of nano dimensions and shapes on the wafers for integrated circuits design.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with efficient current injection is described. Injection current density is controlled to be higher in some areas and lower in others to provide, e.g., improved saturation power and/or noise figure. Controlled injection current can be accomplished by varying the resistivity of the current injection electrode. This, in turn, can be accomplished by patterning openings in the dielectric layer above the current injection metallization in a manner which varies the series resistance along the length of the device.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with efficient current injection is described. Injection current density is controlled to be higher in some areas and lower in others to provide, e.g., improved saturation power and/or noise figure. Controlled injection current can be accomplished by varying the resistivity of the current injection electrode. This, in turn, can be accomplished by patterning openings in the dielectric layer above the current injection metallization in a manner which varies the series resistance along the length of the device.