Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the carbonylation of an arylene to an arylaldehyde (e.g., toluene to tolualdehyde) in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. The process for making tolualdehyde comprises carbonylating toluene in the presence of either carbon monoxide or a source of carbon monoxide and in contact with a solid acid catalyst. The reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from -40.degree. to 200.degree. C., and at a pressure ranging from 20-4000 psig.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising zeolite Beta and a pillared clay is especially suited for use in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising zeolite Beta and a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite is especially suited for use in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising zeolite Beta and a pillared clay is especially suited for use in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising zeolite Beta and a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite is especially suited for use in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A metals scavenging composition comprising a rare earth component and a layered magnesium silicate, such as sepiolite or attapulgite, is mixed with separate particles of a cracking catalyst and the mixture used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks containing relatively high concentrations of vanadium and other contaminant metals. The use of the metals scavenger prolongs the life of the catalyst while maintaining (1) relatively high conversions and gasoline yields, and (2) relatively low hydrogen and coke makes.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the offretite structure comprises silicon, gallium, oxygen and substantially no aluminum. The molecular sieve is synthesized by crystallizing a hydrogel reaction mixture which is preferably formed by mixing a substantially alumina-free galliosilicate hydrogel containing an offretite selective templating or directing agent with a galliosilicate solution substantially free of alumina. The crystallized molecular sieve can be employed, after activation by removing the templating agent and reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which is suitable for use in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A midbarrel hydrocracking catalyst for use in producing middle distillate products from hydrocarbon feedstocks via hydrocracking comprises at least one hydrogenation component, preferably one containing a metal selected from Group VIB and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite, an intercalated clay such as pillared clay, and, optionally, a crystalline molecular sieve, preferably a zeolitic molecular sieve such as the modified Y zeolite known as LZ-10 zeolite.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecular sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A crystalline, gallioaluminosilicate molecular sieve having the faujasite structure is synthesized by mixing a substantially gallia-free aluminosilicate hydrogel with a galliosilicate solution substantially free of alumina to form a mixture having the following oxide mole ratios of componentsSiO.sub.2 /(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3)=5 to 30Na.sub.2 O/(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3)=1 to 5H.sub.2 O/(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3)=50 to 300and then crystallizing the resultant mixture, usually in 3 days or less, under relatively quiescent conditions.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the zeolite L type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 yM.sub.2 O:zK.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal other than potassium, preferably sodium, x equals at least 3.0, preferably 4 to 10, y equals 0 to 0.9 z equals 0.1 to 1.0, and y+z equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the zeolite omega structure and having the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, x equals 5 to 30, preferably 5 to 15, and y equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention is crystallized in the absence of a templating agent from a mixture of a substantially alumina-free hydrogel containing gallia and a substantially alumina-free galliosilicate solution. The resultant sieve may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the mordenite structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, Q is a quaternary ammonium cation, preferably a benzyltriethylammonium cation, x equals 5.0 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.99, preferably 0.40 to 0.90, t equals 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 and yet equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content and decomposing Q, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes.

Abstract: A midbarrel hydrocracking catalyst for use in producing middle distillate products from hydrocarbon feedstocks via hydrocracking comprises at least one hydrogenation component, preferably one containing a metal selected from Group VIB and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite, an intercalated clay such as pillared clay, and, optionally, a crystalline molecular sieve, preferably a zeolitic molecular sieve such as the modified Y zeolite known as LZ-10 zeolite.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the zeolite L type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zK.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal other than potassium, preferably sodium, x equals at least 3.0, preferably 4 to 10, y equals 0 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 1.0, and y+z equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A crystalline, gallioaluminosilicate molecular sieve having the offretite structure is synthesized by mixing a substantially gallia-free aluminosilicate hydrogel containing a templating or directing agent with a galliosilicate solultion substantially free of alumina to form a mixture and then crystallizing the resultant mixture, usually in 24 hours or less.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecular sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A process for cracking high metals content feedstocks which comprises contacting said feedstocks under catalytic cracking conditions with a novel catalytic cracking composition comprising a solid cracking catalyst and a magnesium oxide diluent.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ .sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecualr sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the zeolite L type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zK.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal other than potassium, preferably sodium, x equals at least 3.0, preferably 4 to 10, y equals 0 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 1.0, and y+z equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrocracking and isomerization processes.