Abstract: The invention relates to a weatherproof building shell, especially a pitched roof, comprising a plurality of rectangular weatherproof shingles which are laid diagonally to mutually overlap in a scale-type fashion in relation to a line of slope. Shingles that overlap in an edge zone at a right angle to the line of slope are set off in relation to each other. The shingles are connected to a supporting structure in a lower corner zone of the shingle in relation to a line of slope, respective sealing elements being arranged on said corner zone of the shingle and obturating a gap between shingles that are arranged on the same level at a right angle to the main direction. The rectangular shingles have respective through-openings for fastening elements in two opposite corner zones so that the shingles are connected to the supporting structure in their lower and upper corner zones in relation to the main direction.

Abstract: The modular unit for generating solar power comprises a plurality of diamond-shaped cover plates (3.2, . . . , 3.3) for forming a surface trapping sunlight. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) contain photovoltaic elements (106.1, 106.2, 106.3). The system further comprises a plurality of support rods (54) having a number of pre-manufactured fastening positions (55), said rods being arranged at a predetermined angle >0° to the horizontal and extending in the direction of a line of slope. Every fastening position is associated with a fastening device (50) which connects two corners of the overlapping cover plates (3.2, 3.3) to the support rod (54) in the fastening position. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) are arranged diagonally and so as to overlap in a scale-type fashion with respect to a longitudinal direction of the support rod (54) in such a manner that the surface trapping the sunlight is at the same time rain water-repellent. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) have a first cut-out section (15.

Abstract: The modular unit for generating solar power comprises a plurality of diamond-shaped cover plates (3.2, . . . , 3.3) for forming a surface trapping sunlight. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) contain photovoltaic elements (106.1, 106.2, 106.3). The system further comprises a plurality of support rods (54) having a number of pre-manufactured fastening positions (55), said rods being arranged at a predetermined angle>0° to the horizontal and extending in the direction of a line of slope. Every fastening position is associated with a fastening device (50) which connects two corners of the overlapping cover plates (3.2,3.3) to the support rod (54) in the fastening position. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) are arranged diagonally and so as to overlap in a scale-type fashion with respect to a longitudinal direction of the support rod (54) in such a manner that the surface trapping the sunlight is at the same time rain water-repellent. The cover plates (3.2, 3.3) have a first cut-out section (15.

Abstract: A roof structure (10) for photovoltaic generation of electric current and/or for heating a flowing medium, in particular an airflow (14, 20), comprises glass roof panels (24) that are flat, transparent or equipped at least partially with solar cells (60) of flat design. Said panels are laid at a spacing (a) from a subroof (12) with formation of an airtight flat gap (18) that is largely free of obstructions in the flow direction, and are preferably of square or rectangular design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a weatherproof building shell, especially a pitched roof, comprising a plurality of rectangular weatherproof shingles which are laid diagonally to mutually overlap in a scale-type fashion in relation to a line of slope. Shingles that overlap in an edge zone at a right angle to the line of slope are set off in relation to each other. The shingles are connected to a supporting structure in a lower corner zone of the shingle in relation to a line of slope, respective sealing elements being arranged on said corner zone of the shingle and obturating a gap between shingles that are arranged on the same level at a right angle to the main direction. The rectangular shingles have respective through-openings for fastening elements in two opposite corner zones so that the shingles are connected to the supporting structure in their lower and upper corner zones in relation to the main direction.

Abstract: This invention concerns a solar roof consisting of unmodified mass-produced roofing elements (1), for example of fiber cement, upon which solar cells (2) which have also been mass produced have been made fast using adhesive or clamps. Each solar cell (2) has a border element (3) on its upper edge upon which a connecting terminal (4) is placed. This connecting terminal (4) has at least one receptacle (5) into which can be inserted an asymmetrically formed plug (6) at the end of a cable (7). All of the named elements (1 to 7) rest on the roofing elements (1) so that no ducts of any kind need to be provided through the roofing elements (1), for example, a longer cable (17) leads from the final roofing element (1) of a row under the next higher overlaying roofing element and under the roof to a converter or direct consumer. The switch type (series or parallel) of the individual solar cells (2) is established by the wiring in the connecting terminal (4).

Abstract: A device for protecting the surfaces of objects from the effects of radiation, particularly highly concentrated solar radiation, is produced by utilizing the property of quartz glass not to absorb any radiation in the range of the solar spectrum. When the quartz glass is impinged upon by sunlight, the major part of the radiation, regardless of the thickness of the quartz glass body, is transmitted by the latter, and a small portion of the radiation (<10%) is reflected at the surface. By superimposing a plurality of quartz glass bodies, the required radiation protection is produced in that the preponderant portion of the radiation is reflected stepwise in this way. The quartz glass may take the form of plates, of fibers interlaced into a batting, or of a fabric made of quartz glass filaments.

Abstract: For the tracking control of a reflector focusing the solar radiation on an absorber corresponding to the apparent movement of the sun, an adjusting mechanism of the reflector is driven by means of a direct-current motor 5. The terminals of the electric motor are connected to a parallel connection consisting of two solar cells (9, 10). The parallel connection of both solar cells is such that they generate by constant radiation about a similar amount of voltage however with opposite polarity. The driving of the direct current motor takes place with the voltage differential occurring on the parallel connection. Both the solar cells are rigidly mounted to that part of the stationary arranged absorber on which part the solarrays are focused by the reflector. Both the solar cells are arranged symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the absorber.

Abstract: Between a device (15, 16) for supplying a transparent gaseous medium and a device (17, 18) for exhausting the heated medium, a number of quartz glass pipes (11) are disposed. Within each quartz glass pipe a number of glass strips, running parallel to one another, are accommodated. The adjacent glass strips are held by spacers at a distance which corresponds to the thickness of the glass strips. The glass strips are lightly tinted so that they absorb the incident radiation only partially. The coefficient of absorption of the glass strips amounts to about 0.1, so that about 90% of the incident solar radiation exits from the glass strips again and falls upon a further glass strip. In this way, the insolated energy is distributed over the entirety of the regions of the glass strips, so that all locations of the glass strips are heated evenly, and no location of the glass strips is overheated.

Abstract: In a flask comprising a closed vessel with double walls enclosing a vacuum, layers of substances capable of absorbing light-rays and/or of selectively acting upon light-rays are applied to enable more radiant energy to reach the space enclosed by the inner wall than that space can radiate to the outside. Thus an increasing amount of heat is supplied to the space enclosed by the inner wall, and cold matter introduced into that space is heated. The effect of the light-rays can be increased by designing part of a protective jacket of the flask so that it is capable of being swung open and of acting as a reflector in that position.

Abstract: By means of a plurality of reflectors, solar rays are focused on at least one operative region in which there is disposed a solar-radiation absorbent body which is thereby heated and which transmits the absorbed heat to a liquid or vaporous heat carrier. By fabricating the reflectors of a material permeable to the short-wave portion of the solar radiation and reflective of the long-wave portion of the solar radiation, the ground area shaded by the reflectors can be utilized for other purposes, especially for growing plants.

Abstract: The wall of a protective jacket of a vacuum flask, containing a double-walled vessel whose walls are permeable to solar radiation, includes parts capable of being swung open. These parts and a wall part situated between them each have a reflective coating. The reflective surfaces of these coatings, viewed in cross-section, extend along a parabola when the movable wall parts are opened out, so that incident solar radiation is collected in the core zone of the vessel. A solar-radiation absorbing member may be disposed in this core zone, e.g., a metal tube having a black outer surface. Liquid contents of such a vacuum flask can be heated by means of solar energy.

Abstract: A solar energy collection system and method for its utilization which is particularly efficient in collecting solar energy which has been concentrated at least up to 80 times, including a light focusing means, a single hollow receiver positioned to receive the focused rays directed from the focusing means with the receiver being transparent to the rays and an absorptive fluid medium.

Abstract: An installation for cultivating plant cultures comprising a cover device for protecting the ground at which the plants are grown from damaging radiation of the sun, and a support device for supporting the cover device. The cover device comprises a number of pivotable, substantially cylindrical parabolic reflectors. Along the focal lines of these parabolic reflectors there is arranged a respective conduit for conveying a heat carrier. An adjustment mechanism pivots the reflectors about their lengthwise axis. A circulation system for the heat carrier is provided and encompasses a conveyor or feed pump and the aforementioned conduits. A control device actuates the adjustment mechanism and is structured such that when the sun is shining the reflectors are automatically positionally adjusted in accordance with the position of the sun and at the same time the ground is shaded and the energy of the sun absorbed by the reflectors is removed.

Abstract: In a heat engine having an expansion chamber, sunrays focused by means of a reflector are conveyed, for converting solar energy into mechanical energy, through a window permeable to sunrays into the expansion chamber of the heat engine, there to be absorbed by a heat-transfer medium contained in the expansion chamber, whereby the medium expands or evaporates and drives the engine.

Abstract: A receiver for collection of concentrated solar energy comprising a tube permeable to solar radiation and an elongated body capable of absorbing such radiation disposed within the transparent tube. The body comprises a series of vanes depending from a common center where the angle between two adjoining vanes is not greater than 72.degree..

Abstract: Sources of infra-red radiation have the property of emitting besides infra-red radiation also visible radiation which is considered to be disturbing in particular applications; in order to avoid it the visible portion of radiation is absorbed by means of a gas or a gas mixture so that only the infra-red radiation emerges from the source of infra-red radiation.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus influenced by disturbing ambient temperature variations or fluctuations, said measurement apparatus having a limited volume filled with a medium subjected to such temperature fluctuations. Further, there is provided a compensation element which, under the influence of such disturbing temperature fluctuations, alters the size of a compartment which also contains the medium and thus also alters the aforementioned volume. The dimensions and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the compensation element, while taking into account the coefficient of thermal expansion and the quantity of medium contained in such compartment, are chosen such that the influence of the disturbing temperature fluctuations on the apparatus is compensated.