Abstract: A method includes applying a substrate containing light emitting devices to an individual's body part and controlling the light emitting devices to deliver light in an antimicrobial amount to the body part, wherein the light has a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 1300 nm and an irradiance of from 2 mW-100 mW/cm2.

Abstract: A method includes applying a substrate containing light emitting devices to an individuals body part and controlling the light emitting devices to deliver athletic performance enhancing light to the body part, wherein the light has a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 1300 nm and an irradiance of from 2 mW-600 mW/cm2.

Abstract: A C-MOS sense amplifier capable of detecting voltage differences between the signals applied to its inputs in correspondence with the clock signal transitions. The amplifier has a level converter, a sense circuit and a feedback block which are inactive in a first inactive phase of the clock signal, while in a second active phase, immediately after clock signal transition, the sense amplifier attains the operating point necessary to activate the level converter and the sense circuit. Hence a high positive feedback is started which switches the sense circuit. Finally, after the level transition of a delayed clock signal, the feedback signal generated by the feedback block reduces to zero the dissipation of the whole differential sense amplifier.

Abstract: An automatic system for adjusting the output impedance of fast CMOS drivers, wherein the output impedance of a plurality of slaved drives is adjusted by a circuit for measuring and correcting mismatch between the output impedance of one of the drivers, taken as reference and dedicated for this purpose, and the impedance at the input of a reference transmission line, equal to the lines connected to the other drivers. The measuring of the output impedance of the reference drive is indirectly effected by inserting at the reference drive input a clock signal and by periodically measuring the output on the reference transmission line in correspondence with the positive half-period center.

Abstract: A system for automatically controlling the gain-bandwidth product of operational amplifiers, wherein a gain-bandwidth product (G*B) of one of the amplifiers placed on the same chip as the amplifiers to be controlled is measured and the resulting signal is used to control through a bias circuit, the gain-bandwidth products of all the amplifiers, the value of these products being presettable by the frequeny of a control signal sent to the system input. The reference amplifier is highly compensated in the configuration of voltage follower.

Abstract: An integrated circuit selectively programmable to form an active filter without external circuit components, the integrated circuit having 2.sup.m amplifying modules where m is an integer between 2 and 4, inclusive, p resistive matrices where p is 1 when m is other than 4 and is 2 when m=4, and a bias circuit, r of the amplifying modules being positioned in a first column separated from a second column of r amplifying modules by a respective one of the resistive matrices, where r=4 when m is other than 2 and r=2 when m=2, the second column of amplifying modules being separated from a third column of 4 amplifying modules when m=4 by a second of the resistive matrices.

Abstract: A network for supplying identical biasing voltages and programmable direct currents to a plurality of mutually similar transceivers, connected across respective transmission lines, is integrated with the associated transceivers in a common semiconductor body and comprises a generator of fixed reference voltage determined by the band gap of the semiconductor. The reference voltage is applied in parallel to the bases of several NPN transistors emitting the same biasing voltage as a result thereof. This reference voltage also drives an NPN pilot transistor lying in series with an external resistor through which it draws a small programmed current. Through two cascaded amplification stages formed by NPN transistors operating in the ECL mode, with the second stage designed as a multiple-output current mirror, the programmed current is stepped up to provide the several direct currents required by the associated transceivers.

Abstract: Voltage reference is generated by a current generator which, through a current-mirror amplifier, biases an enhancement MOS transistor as well as a depletion one, so that the desired voltage is equal to the difference between their threshold voltages.

Abstract: A transceiver inserted between a source of binary signals and a one-wire line, dialoguing with a similar transceiver in series with another source at the opposite end of the line, comprises two voltage sensors connected in parallel to the line at a point downstream of a terminal impedance at which the line voltage substantially equals the mean of the voltage levels simultaneously generated by the two sources. The two voltage sensors have thresholds respectively lying at a lower and an upper intermediate level between the two binary signal levels (L, H) employed and work into a common signal receiver through a multiplexer so controlled by the local source as to connect that receiver always to that detector whose low or high output signal corresponds to the binary value (L, H) of the signal then arriving from the remote source.

Abstract: In order to detect at an electronic telephone exchange the lifting of a subscriber's handset in response to ringing current sent over the line loop from a generator at that exchange, a charging current proportional to the incoming line current is fed to a capacitor over a recurrent integration period encompassing one or more whole ringing-current cycles. When the handset has been taken off the hook, the capacitor charge present at the end of such a period differs from zero on account of a d-c component superimposed upon the alternating ringing signal. In order to enable the use of a relatively small storage capacitor, the charging current is periodically interrupted by a train of chopping pulses. When the line current is measured at the exchange by a sensor responsive only to absolute magnitude, the polarity of the charging current is reversed in alternate nonzero-amplitude periods of a cycle.