Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring cathode fall within a fluorescent lamp that contains an electrode and a gas. A level of cathode fall associated with the electrode may be identified based on an intensity and wavelength of radiation emitted by the gas.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring cathode fall within a fluorescent lamp that contains an electrode and a gas. A level of cathode fall associated with the electrode may be identified based on an intensity and wavelength of radiation emitted by the gas.

Abstract: An analyzer having a combustion furnace includes a gas flow stream including a combustion detector in the stream of byproducts of combustion and a variable volume ballast chamber for receiving byproducts of combustion and which has a movable piston which moves in response to the introduced combustion byproducts. Subsequently, an aliquot sample from the chamber is forced through detectors for elements being detected. The method of analysis incorporating the present invention includes filling a variable volume ballast chamber with byproducts of combustion until combustion completion has been detected and, subsequently, forcing at least an aliquot sample of the combustion byproducts from the variable volume ballast chamber into a flow path including detectors for the elements of interest.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring cathode fall in fluorescent lamps are disclosed. Together with measurements of cathode temperature, such measurements of cathode fall may inform a determination of cathode heater voltage as a function of discharge current (i.e., a cathode-heating-profile) that avoids both sputtering and excess-evaporation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring cathode fall in fluorescent lamps are disclosed. Together with measurements of cathode temperature, such measurements of cathode fall may inform a determination of cathode heater voltage as a function of discharge current (i.e., a cathode-heating-profile) that avoids both sputtering and excess-evaporation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring cathode fall in fluorescent lamps are disclosed. Together with measurements of cathode temperature, such measurements of cathode fall may inform a determination of cathode heater voltage as a function of discharge current (i.e., a cathode-heating-profile) that avoids both sputtering and excess-evaporation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring cathode fall in fluorescent lamps are disclosed. Together with measurements of cathode temperature, such measurements of cathode fall may inform a determination of cathode heater voltage as a function of discharge current (i.e., a cathode-heating-profile) that avoids both sputtering and excess-evaporation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring cathode fall within a fluorescent lamp that contains an electrode and a gas. A level of cathode fall associated with the electrode may be identified based on an intensity and wavelength of radiation emitted by the gas.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring cathode fall in fluorescent lamps are disclosed. Together with measurements of cathode temperature, such measurements of cathode fall may inform a determination of cathode heater voltage as a function of discharge current (i.e., a cathode-heating-profile) that avoids both sputtering and excess-evaporation.

Abstract: An analyzer having a combustion furnace includes a gas flow stream including a combustion detector in the stream of byproducts of combustion and a variable volume ballast chamber for receiving byproducts of combustion and which has a movable piston which moves in response to the introduced combustion byproducts. Subsequently, an aliquot sample from the chamber is forced through detectors for elements being detected. The method of analysis incorporating the present invention includes filling a variable volume ballast chamber with byproducts of combustion until combustion completion has been detected and, subsequently, forcing at least an aliquot sample of the combustion byproducts from the variable volume ballast chamber into a flow path including detectors for the elements of interest.