Abstract: Modified polysaccharides, acrylamide copolymers, water-soluble amino acid copolymers, and combinations thereof are described for uses including flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil in an agricultural settings and clarification of process waters from oil-sands mining operations. Also described are methods of preparing selected amino acid copolymers and modified polysaccharides.

Abstract: Water-soluble amino acid copolymers, modified polysaccharides, acrylamide polymers, and combinations thereof are described for use in flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil, preferably in agricultural settings.

Abstract: Water-soluble amino acid copolymers, modified polysaccharides, acrylamide polymers, and combinations thereof, are described, for uses including flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil, such as in an agricultural setting. Also described are methods of preparing selected amino acid copolymers and modified polysaccharides.

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods for reducing odor. The composition comprises at least one synthetic zeolite, at least one acid and at least one substance selected from a metal oxide, metal, or salt of a metal or metal oxide. A wide range of odors, including ammonia and sulfurous odors, may be controlled by contacting an effective amount of the above composition with the article, substance or environment that emits the undesired odor. The composition may also be incorporated into other substances for odor reduction or control to form odor-controlled articles.

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods for reducing odor. The composition comprises at least one synthetic zeolite, at least one acid and at least one substance selected from a metal oxide, metal, or salt of a metal or metal oxide. A wide range of odors, including ammonia and sulfurous odors, may be controlled by contacting an effective amount of the above composition with the article, substance or environment that emits the undesired odor. The composition may also be incorporated into other substances for odor reduction or control to form odor-controlled articles.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the preparation of phosphorus trichloride wherein elemental phosphorus is caused to react with chlorine. The improvement comprises continuous, high speed analysis of the contents of the reactor whereby the reaction is controlled to produce less phosphorus pentachloride and other by-products. The analysis is performed by a laser Raman spectrometer associated with an optrode having a remotely located probe head and a circulating sampling system to continuously provide fresh sample to the probe head continuously. Also disclosed is apparatus for the automatic control of the reaction by control of the reactant feed to the reactor in response to the on-line, continuous analysis of the reactor contents.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the preparation of phosphorus trichloride wherein elemental phosphorus is caused to react with chlorine. The improvement comprises continuous, high speed analysis of the contents of the reactor whereby the reaction is controlled to produce less phosphorus pentachloride and other by-products. The analysis is performed by a laser Raman spectrometer associated with an optrode having a remotely located probe head and a circulating sampling system to continuously provide fresh sample to the probe head continuously. Also disclosed is apparatus for the automatic control of the reaction by control of the reactant feed to the reactor in response to the on-line, continuous analysis of the reactor contents.