Abstract: A microfluidic device is described herein which comprises a micron-sized deep flow channel and a sensor. The micron-sized deep flow channel is configured such that a sample solution and a reference solution flow side-by-side to one another in a single sensing region of the sensor. The single sensing region is divided into a detection region and a reference region which are contiguous to one another and which are respectively interfaced with the sample solution and the reference solution that flow side-by-side to one another in a longitudinal direction within the micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: A system and method are described herein for self-referencing a sensor that is used to detect a biomolecular binding event and/or kinetics which occur in a sample solution flowing along side a reference solution in a micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: A system and method are described herein for self-referencing a sensor that is used to detect a biomolecular binding event and/or kinetics which occur in a sample solution flowing along side a reference solution in a micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and substrates for the detection of reactions between biomolecules or cells and a second compound are disclosed. The invention detects interactions between ligands and receptors by utilizing detecting the diffusion of a species proximate a sensing area. Absorbance detection and diffraction sensors are utilized to monitor the rate of diffusion from the sensing area.

Abstract: A microchannel for analyte band broadening compensation is disclosed. The microchannel includes a bend having an inside radius of curvature, an outside radius of curvature, and a width. The bend is constructed such that the width and either the inside radius of curvature, the outside radius of curvature or both change simultaneously.

Abstract: An assembly to practice a method for the detection and analysis of genetic polymorphisms using arrays that do not require labeling of a target nucleic acid sequence. Hybridization of a perfectly complementary nucleic acid target sequence to an oligonucleotide probe sequence results in a displacement and complete removal of a hybridized probe sequence from the same oligonucleotide probe sequence by means of a thermo-kinetic reaction. The removal of the hybridized probe sequence, having a quencher element, increases the intensity of emission by an emitter element on the oligonucleotide probe sequence.

Abstract: An electrophoretic inorganic porous material, electrophoresis apparatus and method for analyzing a biological sample using the electrophoretic inorganic porous material are described. The electrophoretic inorganic porous material is an inorganic separating media that has a plurality of pores in which molecules from the biological sample (e.g., amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, DNA) migrate during an electrophoresis process. There are disclosed two embodiments of the electrophoretic inorganic porous material including a porous glass and a sol gel monolith.

Abstract: A method for the detection and analysis of genetic polymorphisms using arrays that do not require labeling of a target nucleic acid sequence. Hybridization of a perfectly complementary nucleic acid target sequence to an oligonucleotide probe sequence results in a displacement and complete removal of a hybridized probe sequence from the same oligonucleotide probe sequence by means of a thermo-kinetic reaction. The removal of the hybridized probe sequence, having a quencher element, increases the intensity of emission by an emitter element on the oligonucleotide probe sequence.

Abstract: Optical sensors and methods are disclosed. The resonance energy transfer between a donor and acceptor pair on a surface is monitored. The change in resonance energy transfer as a function of the change in refractive index of a sensing area disposed between the donor and acceptor pair is utilized to provide various sensing methods and structures.

Abstract: Optical sensors and methods are disclosed. The resonance energy transfer between a donor and acceptor pair on a surface is monitored. The change in resonance energy transfer as a function of the change in refractive index of a sensing area disposed between the donor and acceptor pair is utilized to provide various sensing methods and structures.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and substrates for the detection of reactions between biomolecules or cells and a second compound are disclosed. The invention detects interactions between ligands and receptors by utilizing detecting the diffusion of a species proximate a sensing area. Absorbance detection and diffraction sensors are utilized to monitor the rate of diffusion from the sensing area.

Abstract: A method for the detection and analysis of genetic polymorphisms using arrays that do not require labeling of a target nucleic acid sequence. Hybridization of a perfectly complementary nucleic acid target sequence to an oligonucleotide probe sequence results in a displacement and complete removal of a hybridized probe sequence from the same oligonucleotide probe sequence by means of a thermo-kinetic reaction. The removal of the hybridized probe sequence, having a quencher element, increases the intensity of emission by an emitter element on the oligonucleotide probe sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment in the context of a cloning vector which contains an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment. Also disclosed is a method for producing single-stranded DNA probes utilizing the same cloning vector. An optimal vector, PZIP is described. Methods for introducing unidirectional deletions into a terminal location of a cloned DNA sequence which is inserted into the vector of the present invention are also disclosed. These methods are useful for introducing deletions into either or both ends of a cloned DNA insert, for high throughput sequencing of any DNA of interest.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment. More specifically, the method comprises providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a DNA segment of interest inserted in a cloning vector, the cloning vector having an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment of interest. The recombinant DNA construct is then contacted with the protein pII encoded by gene II of phage f1 thereby generating a single-stranded nick. The nicked DNA is then contacted with E. coli Exonuclease III thereby expanding the single-stranded nick into a single-stranded gap. The single-stranded gapped DNA is then contacted with a single-strand-specific endonuclease thereby producing a linearized DNA molecule containing a double-stranded deletion corresponding in size to the single-stranded gap. The DNA treated in this manner is then incubated with DNA ligase under conditions appropriate for ligation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment. More specifically, the method comprises providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a DNA segment of interest inserted in a cloning vector, the cloning vector having an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment of interest. The recombinant DNA construct is then contacted with the protein pII encoded by gene II of phage f1 thereby generating a single-stranded nick. The nicked DNA is then contacted with E. coli Exonuclease III thereby expanding the single-stranded nick into a single-stranded gap. The single-stranded gapped DNA is then contacted with a single-strand-specific endonuclease thereby producing a linearized DNA molecule containing a double-stranded deletion corresponding in size to the single-stranded gap. The DNA treated in this manner is then incubated with DNA ligase under conditions appropriate for ligation.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for efficient laser illumination of the interiors of multiple capillaries simultaneously, and collection of light emitted from them. Capillaries in a parallel array can form an optical waveguide wherein refraction at the cylindrical surfaces confines side-on illuminating light to the core of each successive capillary in the array. Methods are provided for determining conditions where capillaries will form a waveguide and for assessing and minimizing losses due to reflection. Light can be delivered to the arrayed capillaries through an integrated fiber optic transmitter or through a pair of such transmitters aligned coaxially at opposite sides of the array. Light emitted from materials within the capillaries can be carried to a detection system through optical fibers, each of which collects light from a single capillary, with little cross talk between the capillaries.

Abstract: A DNA sequencing method described which uses single lane or channel electrophoresis. Sequencing fragments are separated in said lane and detected using a laser-excited, confocal fluorescence scanner. Each set of DNA sequencing fragments is separated in the same lane and then distinguished using a binary coding scheme employing only two different fluorescent labels. Also described is a method of using radio-isotope labels.