Abstract: Provided are embodiments of an optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable includes a cable jacket with an inner surface and an outer surface in which the inner surface defines a central cable bore and in which the outer surface defines an outermost surface of the optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable includes from 48 to 864 optical fibers disposed within the central cable bore. Further, the outer surface of the cable jacket defines a cable diameter of at least 2 mm and up to 11 mm. The optical fiber cable has a fiber density of at least 7.5 optical fibers/mm2 based on a cross-sectional area of the optical fiber cable as measured from the outer surface of the cable jacket.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an optical fiber ribbon. The optical fiber ribbon includes a plurality of subunits each including a subunit coating of a first material surrounding at least one optical fiber. The optical fiber ribbon also includes a ribbon matrix of a second material disposed around the plurality of subunits. A plurality of bonds are intermittently formed between adjacent subunits of the plurality of subunits. Each bond is formed by an interaction of the second material with the first material for the purpose of creating a first level of adhesion between the first and second materials at an outer surface of the subunit coating. The second material is inhibited from interacting with the first material in regions between the plurality of bonds along a length of the optical fiber ribbon to create a second level of adhesion that is less than the first level of adhesion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable includes a cable jacket having a first inner surface and a first outer surface. The first inner surface defines a central bore along a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable also includes optical fibers disposed within the central bore and a buffer tube surrounding the optical fibers. The buffer tube has a second inner surface and a second outer surface. The optical fiber cable also includes an armor layer disposed between the first inner surface of the cable jacket and the second outer surface of the buffer tube and a water-blocking adhesive disposed between the armor layer and the first outer surface of the buffer tube. The water-blocking adhesive extends along the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber cable and around a circumference of the buffer tube.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: A system for locating a leak site in an underground water pipeline comprises a leak detection element, means for introducing the leak detection element into the pipeline through an outlet of a hydrant, and means for detecting the location of the leak detection element from above the ground. The means for introducing the leak detection element into the pipeline includes capping means adapted for attachment to, and sealing of, the outlet of the hydrant. The capping means has at least one opening therethrough to allow passage of an elongate rod or hose through the capping means and into the outlet of the hydrant. The capping means is provided with a substantially waterproof membrane to provide a seal between the capping means and the outlet of the hydrant, and the at least one opening is provided with a substantially waterproof membrane to provide a seal between the rod or hose and the at least one opening. A method for locating a leak site in an underground water pipeline is also provided.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: An optical cable and method for forming an optical cable is provided. The cable includes a cable jacket including an inner surface defining a channel and an outer surface and also includes a plurality of optical fibers located within the channel. The cable includes a seam within the cable jacket that couples together opposing longitudinal edges of a wrapped thermoplastic sheet which forms the cable jacket and maintains the cable jacket in the wrapped configuration around the plurality of optical fibers. The method includes forming an outer cable jacket by wrapping a sheet of thermoplastic material around a plurality of optical core elements. The method includes melting together portions of thermoplastic material of opposing longitudinal edges of the wrapped sheet such that a seam is formed holding the sheet of thermoplastic material in the wrapped configuration around the core elements.

Abstract: A sealing element (10) for use in a fluid-carrying pipeline (16) comprising a substantially central core (14) surrounded by a coating (12). The outer coating (12) is adapted to perform a partial extrusion through an opening (15) in a pipeline wall (16) to seal the opening (15). The density of the sealing element (10) is substantially the same as the density of the fluid (11) in the pipeline (16). The coating (12) comprises a two-part epoxy putty, and the core (14) is formed from a deformable material. A method of making the sealing element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A self-sealing safety valve (10) for a container of pressurised fluid (12) comprises a substantially solid body (14) and attachment means (24) for connecting to a dispensing valve. The self-sealing safety valve includes a substantially central bore (16) extending through both the attachment means and the solid body, and the bore connects an inlet (20) to an outlet (18). The bore comprises at least three parts each of a different diameter: a first part (16a) immediately adjacent the outlet has a first diameter; a second part (16b) located immediately adjacent the first part has a second diameter that is wider diameter than the first diameter; and a third (16c) part located immediately adjacent the second part has a third diameter that is wider than the second diameter. The second part of the bore houses a first biasing means (30). The third part of the bore houses a sealing ball (28) and a second biasing means (38), and the sealing ball is located between the first and second biasing means.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: An optical cable and method for forming an optical cable is provided. The cable includes a cable jacket including an inner surface defining a channel and an outer surface and also includes a plurality of optical fibers located within the channel. The cable includes a seam within the cable jacket that couples together opposing longitudinal edges of a wrapped thermoplastic sheet which forms the cable jacket and maintains the cable jacket in the wrapped configuration around the plurality of optical fibers. The method includes forming an outer cable jacket by wrapping a sheet of thermoplastic material around a plurality of optical core elements. The method includes melting together portions of thermoplastic material of opposing longitudinal edges of the wrapped sheet such that a seam is formed holding the sheet of thermoplastic material in the wrapped configuration around the core elements.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable includes a cable jacket having a first inner surface and a first outer surface. The first inner surface defines a central bore along a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable also includes optical fibers disposed within the central bore and a buffer tube surrounding the optical fibers. The buffer tube has a second inner surface and a second outer surface. The optical fiber cable also includes an armor layer disposed between the first inner surface of the cable jacket and the second outer surface of the buffer tube and a water-blocking adhesive disposed between the armor layer and the first outer surface of the buffer tube. The water-blocking adhesive extends along the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber cable and around a circumference of the buffer tube.

Abstract: A system for locating a leak site in an underground water pipeline comprises a leak detection element, means for introducing the leak detection element into the pipeline through an outlet of a hydrant, and means for detecting the location of the leak detection element from above the ground. The means for introducing the leak detection element into the pipeline includes capping means adapted for attachment to, and sealing of, the outlet of the hydrant. The capping means has at least one opening therethrough to allow passage of an elongate rod or hose through the capping means and into the outlet of the hydrant. The capping means is provided with a substantially waterproof membrane to provide a seal between the capping means and the outlet of the hydrant, and the at least one opening is provided with a substantially waterproof membrane to provide a seal between the rod or hose and the at least one opening. A method for locating a leak site in an underground water pipeline is also provided.

Abstract: An optical cable is provided. The optical cable includes an outer cable body jacket and a plurality of optical fiber subunits. The optical fibers within each subunit are stranded relative to each other and are located within a thin subunit jacket. A plurality of unstranded optical fiber subunits are located within the cable jacket.

Abstract: A self-sealing safety valve (10) for a container of pressurised fluid (12) comprises a substantially solid body (14) and attachment means (24) for connecting to a dispensing valve. The self-sealing safety valve includes a substantially central bore (16) extending through both the attachment means and the solid body, and the bore connects an inlet (20) to an outlet (18). The bore comprises at least three parts each of a different diameter: a first part (16a) immediately adjacent the outlet has a first diameter; a second part (16b) located immediately adjacent the first part has a second diameter that is wider diameter than the first diameter; and a third (16c) part located immediately adjacent the second part has a third diameter that is wider than the second diameter. The second part of the bore houses a first biasing means (30). The third part of the bore houses a sealing ball (28) and a second biasing means (38), and the sealing ball is located between the first and second biasing means.

Abstract: A sealing element (10) for use in a fluid-carrying pipeline (16) comprising a substantially central core (14) surrounded by a coating (12). The outer coating (12) is adapted to perform a partial extrusion through an opening (15) in a pipeline wall (16) to seal the opening (15). The density of the sealing element (10) is substantially the same as the density of the fluid (11) in the pipeline (16). The coating (12) comprises a two-part epoxy putty, and the core (14) is formed from a deformable material. A method of making the sealing element is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon and a related cable are provided. The ribbon includes a first group of at least one optical fiber and a second group of at least two optical fibers coupled together. The ribbon includes a first hinge coupling the first group to the second group. The hinge allows movement of the first group and the second group of optical fibers relative to each other such that the ribbon is moveable between an aligned position and a collapsed position. The number of optical fibers in the first group is less than the number of optical fibers in second group.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon and a related cable are provided. The ribbon includes a first group of at least one optical fiber and a second group of at least two optical fibers coupled together. The ribbon includes a first hinge coupling the first group to the second group. The hinge allows movement of the first group and the second group of optical fibers relative to each other such that the ribbon is moveable between an aligned position and a collapsed position. The number of optical fibers in the first group is less than the number of optical fibers in second group.