Abstract: An electronically reconfigurable artificial magnetic conductor (RAMC) includes a frequency selective surface (FSS) having an effective sheet capacitance which is variable to control resonant frequency of the RAMC. In one embodiment, the RAMC further includes a conductive backplane structure and a spacer layer separating the conductive backplane structure and the FSS. The spacer layer includes conductive vias extending between the conductive backplane structure and the FSS, and voltage variable capacitive circuit elements coupled with the FSS and responsive to bias voltages applied on one or more bias signal lines routed through the conductive backplane structure and the conductive vias.

Abstract: A molecular computer is formed by establishing arrays of spaced-apart input and output pins on opposing sides of a containment, injecting moleware in solution into the containment and then allowing the moleware to bridge the input and output pins. Moleware includes molecular alligator clip-bearing 2-, 3-, and molecular 4-, or multi-terminal wires, carbon nanotube wires, molecular resonant tunneling diodes, molecular switches, molecular controllers that can be modulated via external electrical or magnetic fields, massive interconnect stations based on single nanometer-sized particles, and dynamic and static random access memory (DRAM and SRAM) components composed of molecular controller/nanoparticle or fullerene hybrids. The current-voltage characteristics that result from the bridging between input and output arrays can be ascertained using another computer to identify the bundles of inputs and corresponding outputs that provide a truth table for the specific functions of the computer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ionic electrodes, particularly microelectrodes and electrode arrays, and also relates to fabrication methods for such electrodes. In particular, the present invention relates to planar polymer electrodes for making patch clamp measurements of ionic currents through biological membranes, such as the plasma membranes of living cells. The electrodes of the present invention are useful for measuring individual and multisite cell membrane currents and voltages, as well as in high-throughput screening procedures.

Abstract: An electrician's combination tool box and wire caddy provides a support for multiple spools of wire of different size or gauge, and a storage area below the spools for holding articles and tools needed by the electrician during the wiring of a building. The spools are positioned well above the storage area, enabling a user to access articles in the receptacles, even when spools are being handled to pay out wire.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure including a plurality of transistors; a plurality of thin-film conductor interconnects, interconnected to form electronic circuits in a predetermined electrical configuration; and a plurality of pairs of contact pads, connected to the thin-film conductor interconnects, each adjacent pair of contact pads including a first pad of a first conductive material and a second pad of a second conductive material, and being electrically connected only by a conductive oligomer of a precisely determined number of units.

Abstract: A portable device having a shoulder strap for mashing and dispersing feces type material. The device includes a cylindrical chamber that is filled with liquid such as water, disinfectants, fragrances, soapy water, detergents, and the like. The liquid in the chamber is pressurized by a handpump, air compressor, electrical compressor, pressurized cartridge and the like. A nozzle having an adjustable spray pattern connects to the outlet port of the chamber. When activated, a switch on the chamber allows the pressurized contents in the chamber to pass through the nozzle. Attached to a lower end of the chamber is a conical shroud having plural rods across the interior of the wide diameter end. When the shroud is placed over clump material such as animal feces, the rods break up and separate the material.

Abstract: An electronic device (10) such as that of the micromechanical type having a time-released source of a passivant (20). This source (20) is preferably comprised of an impregnated molecular sieve/binder combination, preferably being a polymer. The passivant may be PFDA. The time-released passivant source continuously over the life of the device reduces any tendency of engaged or contacting elements to stick, adhere, or otherwise resist separation. The present invention finds particular use in spatial light modulators of the DMD type. The molecular sieve/binder can also include getter/desiccant source, such as a non-evaporable getter to remove moisture from the hermetically sealed electronic device.

Abstract: A clamp assembly for interengaging a wall with a stanchion of a scaffold assembly. The clamp assembly includes a pair of jaws pivotally secured to each other for clamping the stanchion of the scaffold assembly. Each of the jaws has an opening. A rod is provided for engaging the wall to secure and couple the scaffold assembly to the wall. The clamp assembly further includes a bolt with an eyelet wherethrough the rod passes. The bolt passes through each of the openings of the two jaws of the clamp assembly. The rod, while being engaged in the eyelet of the bolt, is stationarily affixed against one of the jaws simultaneously with securedly engaging and clamping the two jaw members around the stanchion. A method for stabilizing a scaffold assembly next to a wall.

Abstract: A micromechanical sensor in which the impedance of a gap in a conductor, under tunnelling current conditions, is sensed to provide an indication of deflection in the conductor. This provides a new way to sense acceleration, strain, and other parameters which can be translated into a deflection.

Abstract: A new class of electronic systems, wherein microelectronic semiconductor integrated circuit devices are integrated on a common substrate with molecular electronic devices.

Abstract: Microelectronic semiconductor integrated circuit devices integrated on a common substrate with molecular electronic devices, having barrier-well-barrier structure with the well being conductive oligomer.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for independently attaining, monitoring, and dispensing a fluid mix or a plurality of fluid mixes of a desired temperature, flow rate, and volume, the fluid mixes each comprising two separate mixable fluids usually at different temperatures as they enter the system. The system comprises one microprocessor configuration connected with any number of fluid mixing apparatuses including their drive means, sensors, and an appropriate number of user command and system status feedback means. In one embodiment, as disclosed herein, a plurality of system users can independently and even simultaneously instruct, using a variety of means, a single microprocessor configuration to provide their desired fluid mixes. The microprocessor configuration compares the instructions with the system status data provided by the sensors and its own calculations.

Abstract: Optically pumped coupled quantum well devices are disclosed. The devices store bits as carrier packets in depressions in the conduction and/or valence band(s) of a single crystal; the band between the depressions is sloped in a common direction which provides unidirectionality. The carrier packets are shifted from depression to depression by optically exciting the carriers and relying on the arrangement of depressions and band slopes; the excitation is conveniently performed by laser illumination. The depressions may be sufficiently small to discretize the energy levels and thereby permit the partitioning of the depressions into groups with each group having depressions of substantially the same energy level structure. The carriers in depressions of one group can then be selectively excited by illumination with a laser or narrow band monochromatic incoherent light source tuned to the energy level structure; this allows multiphase operation of the shifting function.

Abstract: A tunneling device (50) with the emitter (62) to collector (58) current transported by resonant tunneling through a quantum well (52) and controlled by carriers injected into the well (52) from a base (60) is disclosed. The injected carriers occupy a first energy level in the well (52) and the resonant tunneling is thorough a second energy level in the well (52) thereby separating the controlled carriers from the controlling carriers. AnotherThree-terminal tunneling devices using three different bandgap semiconductor materials to segregate controlling carriers from controlled carriers are disclosed.

Abstract: A new kind of electronic logic circuit, wherein potential wells (e.g. islands of GaAs in an AlGaAs lattice) are made small enough that the energy levels of carriers within the wells are discretely quantized. This means that, when the bias between the wells is adjusted to align energy levels of the two wells, tunneling will occur very rapidly, whereas when the energy levels are not aligned, tunneling will be greatly reduced. In particular, the wells are optimized to have sharp enough resonant tunneling peaks that the change in potential caused by the difference between the number of carriers stored between two adjacent tunnel wells is itself enough to permit or preclude resonant tunneling. Thus, a tremendous variety of logic functions, including all primitive Boolean functions can be embodied in this logic.

Abstract: A tunneling device (50) with the emitter (62) to collector (58) current transported by resonant tunneling through a quantum well (52) and controlled by carriers injected into the well (52) from a base (60) is disclosed. The injected carriers occupy a first energy level in the well (52) and the resonant tunneling is thorough a second energy level in the well (52) thereby separating the controlled carriers from the controlling carriers. Three-terminal tunneling devices using three different bandgap semiconductor materials to segregate controlling carriers from controlled carriers are disclosed.

Abstract: A three-terminal quantum well device, which functions somewhat analogously to an MOS transistor. That is, the three terminals of the device can generally be considered as source, gate, and drain. An output contact is connected by tunneling to a number of parallel chains of quantum wells, each well being small enough that the energy levels in the well are quantized discretely. In each of these chains of wells, the second well is coupled to a common second conductor, and the first well is electronically coupled to a common first conductor.

Abstract: Optically pumped coupled quantum well devices are disclosed. The devices store bits as carrier packets in depressions in the conduction and/or valence band(s) of a single crystal; the band between the depressions is sloped in a common direction which provides unidirectionality. The carrier packets are shifted from depression to depression by optically exciting the carriers and relying on the arrangement of depressions and band slopes; the excitation is conveniently performed by laser illumination. The depressions may be sufficiently small to discretize the energy levels and thereby permit the partitioning of the depressions into groups with each group having depressions of substantially the same energy level structure. The carriers in depressions of one group can then be selectively excited by illumination with a laser or narrow band monochromatic incoherent light source tuned to the energy level structure; this allows multiphase operation of the shifting function.

Abstract: A resonant tunneling diode (30) with anode (40) and cathode (32) separated by binary short-period superlattice tunneling barriers (34,38) with a quantum well (36) between is disclosed. Enhancement and depletion mode diodes are disclosed.

Abstract: Quantum-coupled devices, wherein at least two closely adjacent potential wells, (e.g. islands of GaAs in an AlGaAs lattice) are made small enough that the energy levels of carriers within the wells are discretely quantized. This means that, when the bias between the wells is adjusted to align energy levels of the two wells, tunneling will occur very rapidly, whereas when energy levels are not aligned, tunneling will be greatly reduced. To provide output coupling from these quantum-well devices to macroscopic currents, the output from the quantum-well devices is injected into localized states close to an extremely small metal line (e.g. 200 Angstroms square in section). These trapped charged perturb the resistance of a metal line significantly, so that a conventional sense amplifier can be used for differential sensing between two such narrow metal lines, to provide macroscopic outputs.