Abstract: A magnetic and/or magneto-electric antenna that has a plurality of conducting loops that each can be resonated at a frequency that is offset from the other loops to provide a composite band-pass response that is broader than that of the individual loops.

Abstract: A magnetic flux coupling transducer system comprising a primary coil (51) and primary coupling core (52) and a secondary coil (54) and secondary coupling core (55) for passing communications signals and/or electrical power from one side of an electrically conductive barrier to receiving equipment on the other side.

Abstract: An underwater connector (10) comprising a magnetic coupler for passing communications signals and/or power from one part (12) to another part (13) using magnetic coupling and without requiring direct electrically conductive contact between the parts (12, 13).

Abstract: A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module and system for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, and fourth planar conductors which form a sequentially arranged interleaved stack having opposing first and second ends, with dielectric layers between the conductors. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the first end, and the first and fourth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second end via a shorting plate. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short at the first end a high voltage from the third planar conductor to the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.

Abstract: A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, fourth, and fifth planar conductors which form an interleaved stack with dielectric layers between the conductors. Each conductor has a first end, and a second end adjacent an acceleration axis. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, the fourth and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, and the first and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the first ends via a shorting plate adjacent the first ends. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short a high voltage from the first end of the third planar conductor to the first end of the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral.

Abstract: A data communication system includes a transmitter. The transmitter transmits data in a digitally modulated electromagnetic or magnetic signal. A receiver is provided for receiving the digitally modulated electromagnetic or magnetic signal. At least one of the transmitter and receiver is below ground and has a magnetically coupled antenna.

Abstract: An underwater communication method is provided. EM signals are transmitted via a seabed using an underwater electrically insulated magnetically coupled antenna. By making use of the low loss properties of the seabed, EM signal attenuation can be reduced and consequently the transmission range can be increased. The underwater electrically insulated magnetically coupled antenna may be located within a body of water or may be buried in the seabed.

Abstract: An extended underwater electromagnetic transducer is provided with an electrically insulated transmission line typically connected to a transmitter or receiver or transceiver system. The transmission line allows near-field communications with another transmitter or receiver or transceiver system. The transmission line provided is relatively long, the through water signal path length can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, fourth, and fifth planar conductors which form an interleaved stack with dielectric layers between the conductors. Each conductor has a first end, and a second end adjacent an acceleration axis. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, the fourth and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, and the first and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the first ends via a shorting plate adjacent the first ends. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short a high voltage from the first end of the third planar conductor to the first end of the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral.

Abstract: An underwater communications system is provided that transmits electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals to a remote receiver. The transmitter includes a data input. A digital data compressor compresses data to be transmitted. A modulator modulates compressed data onto a carrier signal. An electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna transmits the compressed, modulated signals. The receiver that has an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for receiving a compressed, modulated signal. A demodulator is provided for demodulating the signal to reveal compressed data. A de-compressor de-compresses the data. An appropriate human interface is provided to present transmitted data into text/audio/visible form. Similarly, the transmit system comprises appropriate audio/visual/text entry mechanisms.

Abstract: A coplanar waveguide biosensor and methods of use include a coplanar waveguide transmission line and a sample containment structure. The coplanar waveguide transmission line is operable to support the propagation of an electromagnetic signal and includes a signal line and one or more spaced apart ground elements. The signal line is configured to conduct a time-varying voltage, and the one or more ground elements are configured to maintain a time-invariant voltage, a detection region being formed between a portion of the signal line and a portion of at least one of the one or more ground elements. Detection methods are improved through the enhancement of the electric field in the detection region via impedance discontinuities in the signal line and ground elements. The sample containment structure intersects the detection region of the coplanar waveguide transmission line and includes a cavity configured to hold 1 ml or less of sample solution within the detection region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting a molecular event, comprising (1) applying an electromagnetic test signal to a sample in which a molecular event is being detected, whereby the sample interacts with and modulates the test signal to produce a modulated test signal, and (2) detecting the modulated test signal, wherein the applying and detecting take place in a temperature-controlled environment, wherein the temperature-controlled environment comprises the sample, a radiating portion of a signal generating circuit, and a receiving portion of a signal detection circuit and wherein the applying and detecting take place in the environment at a temperature controlled to within ±0.5° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to contain plasma at optimal fill capacity of a metallic container is disclosed. The invention includes the utilization of anodized layers forming the internal surfaces of the container volume. Bias resistors are calibrated to provide constant current at variable voltage conditions. By choosing the appropriate values of the bias resistors, the voltages of the metallic container relative to the voltage of an anode are adjusted to achieve optimal plasma fill while minimizing the chance of reaching the breakdown voltage of the anodized layer.

Abstract: A coplanar waveguide biosensor and methods of use include a coplanar waveguide transmission line and a sample containment structure. The coplanar waveguide transmission line is operable to support the propagation of an electromagnetic signal and includes a signal line and one or more spaced apart ground elements. The signal line is configured to conduct a time-varying voltage, and the one or more ground elements are configured to maintain a time-invariant voltage, a detection region being formed between a portion of the signal line and a portion of at least one of the one or more ground elements. Detection methods are improved through the enhancement of the electric field in the detection region via impedance discontinuities in the signal line and ground elements. The sample containment structure intersects the detection region of the coplanar waveguide transmission line and includes a cavity configured to hold 1 ml or less of sample solution within the detection region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting a molecular event, comprising (1) applying an electromagnetic test signal to a sample in which a molecular event is being detected, whereby the sample interacts with and modulates the test signal to produce a modulated test signal, and (2) detecting the modulated test signal, wherein the applying and detecting take place in a temperature-controlled environment, wherein the temperature-controlled environment comprises the sample, a radiating portion of a signal generating circuit, and a receiving portion of a signal detection circuit and wherein the applying and detecting take place in the environment at a temperature controlled to within ±0.5° C.

Abstract: A parts washer includes a tank for holding a washing liquid. Electrically powered heating and pumping means supply heated washing liquid to a spray manifold to wash parts in an upper portion of the tank. The spray manifold is a tube of rectangular cross section, and has spray holes through an edge of the tube. A movable lid partially covers the tank top to leave a vent gap. A deflectable vapor baffle across the tank under the lid and above the spray manifold provides a releasable seal to vent vapor from the tank through the vapor gap. A horizontal plate in the tank and below the vapor baffle, and a reservoir baffle extending down from the plate enclose a reservoir space for heated washing liquid in communication with the upper portion of the tank. A control circuit supplies electric power to either the heating means or the pumping means, but not to both at the same time.

Abstract: Apparatus for skimming liquid from the surface of a body of liquid which includes a lighter liquid floating on a heavier liquid. The apparatus includes an upwardly opening container having a specific gravity which causes the container to float in the body of liquid with an upper edge of the container in the vicinity of the interface between the lighter and heavier liquids. An elongated suction tube has a lower end extending down into the container. The upper end of the suction tube is connected to a source of suction so liquid is withdrawn from the container through the tube.

Abstract: An evaporator includes a tank covered by a lightweight lid which is easily lifted to avoid high pressure in the event of an explosion. The bottom of the tank includes a flat portion which slopes downwardly toward an outlet in the sidewall of the tank. The flat section is substantially wider than the outlet to accommodate use of a square-nosed shovel to clean the tank. A fire tube in the bottom of the tank receives hot gases from a burner. A thermometer senses the temperature of the wall of the fire tube to respond to low liquid level in the tank, scale on the fire tube wall, and buildup of solids in the mixture. The open lower end of an upwardly extending standpipe is in liquid in the tank. The upper end of the standpipe is closed by a ball valve and extends above the mixture in the tank. Devices are provided for making the pressure in the standpipe different from atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A separator for a mixture of two liquids of different density. A container holds the mixture, which separates by gravity into a layer of lighter liquid on a layer of heavier liquid in the container. The mixture is supplied through a delivery pipe which extends from above the layer of lighter liquid down into the heavier liquid. Lighter liquid is removed through a line which includes a ball valve to provide a variable weir for controlling flow of lighter liquid from a first outlet. Heavier liquid is removed from a second outlet through an upwardly extending drain pipe connected at its lower end to the second outlet. The upper end of the drain pipe is in the vicinity of the interface between the two layers. A riser pipe disposed around and spaced from the drain pipe has an open upper end disposed above the layer of lighter liquid, and a lower end opening into the heavier liquid.

Abstract: Magnetron cathodes, which produce high current discharges, form greatly improved plasma electrodes on each side of an electro-optic crystal. The plasma electrode has a low pressure gas region on both sides of the crystal. When the gas is ionized, e.g., by a glow discharge in the low pressure gas, the plasma formed is a good conductor. The gas electrode acts as a highly uniform conducting electrode. Since the plasma is transparent to a high energy laser beam passing through the crystal, the plasma is transparent. A crystal exposed from two sides to such a plasma can be charged up uniformly to any desired voltage. A typical configuration utilizes helium at 50 millitorr operating. pressure and 2 kA discharge current. The magnetron cathode produces a more uniform plasma and allows a reduced operating pressure which leads to lower plasma resistivity and a more uniform charge on the crystal.