Abstract: A LIDAR system is used to 3D image an aerosol plume that is being applied to vegetation. The digital map is updated in real-time based on current LIDAR data. The application of the aerosol plume is continually adjusted to keep the aerosol plume within a predetermined location.

Abstract: A method for forecasting energy demand for a single building, a neighborhood or a city in an urban environment is disclosed. The method balances energy production between (1) a renewable energy source and (2) an energy grid source based in predicted demand and predicted supply. The method treats urban heat island (UHI) calculations as being dynamically impacted by predicted weather conditions to calculate a weather-adjusted UHI. Predicted energy consumption rates for weather conditions use the weather-adjusted UHI to increase accuracy of the prediction.

Abstract: A method for forecasting energy demand for a single building, a neighborhood or a city in an urban environment is disclosed. The method treats urban heat island (UHI) calculations as being dynamically impacted by predicted weather conditions to calculate a weather-adjusted UHI. Predicted energy consumption rates for weather conditions use the weather-adjusted UHI to increase accuracy of the prediction.

Abstract: An optical device for sensing an incident optical wave within a wavelength range includes a first array and a second array of electrodes superposed on a substrate, and a sensor connected to the contacts. The arrays are interdigitated. Each array includes its own parameters: contact width, contact thickness, groove width, and a groove dielectric constant. A structure associated with the arrays resonantly couples the incident wave and a local electromagnetic resonance or hybrid mode including at least a surface plasmon cavity mode (CM). For coupling the CM, an aspect ratio of contact thickness to spacing between electrodes is at least 1. A preferred structure for coupling a hybrid mode for high bandwidth and responsivity includes a higher dielectric constant in alternating grooves. The substrate may include silicon, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI). An SOI device having a alternating grooves with a higher dielectric, e.g., silicon oxide, provides 0.25 A/W and 30 GHz bandwidth.

Abstract: An optical device for sensing an incident optical wave within a wavelength range includes a first array and a second array of electrodes superposed on a substrate, and a sensor connected to the contacts. The arrays are interdigitated. Each array includes its own parameters: contact width, contact thickness, groove width, and a groove dielectric constant. A structure associated with the arrays resonantly couples the incident wave and a local electromagnetic resonance or hybrid mode including at least a surface plasmon cavity mode (CM). For coupling the CM, an aspect ratio of contact thickness to spacing between electrodes is at least 1. A preferred structure for coupling a hybrid mode for high bandwidth and responsivity includes a higher dielectric constant in alternating grooves. The substrate may include silicon, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI). An SOI device having a alternating grooves with a higher dielectric, e.g., silicon oxide, provides 0.25 A/W and 30 GHz bandwidth.