Abstract: Described herein are sensitive methods for determining if a subject has cancer. The methods generally involve quantifying the amount of one or more biomarkers derived from Galectin-3 in a biological sample from the subject by mass spectrometry, wherein an increase in the amount of one or more biomarkers in the biological sample as compared to a control is an indication of the presence of cancer in the subject.

Abstract: Described herein are sensitive methods for determining if a subject has cancer. The methods generally involve quantifying the amount of one or more biomarkers derived from Galectin-3 in a biological sample from the subject by mass spectrometry, wherein an increase in the amount of one or more biomarkers in the biological sample as compared to a control is an indication of the presence of cancer in the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for reducing a bit-depth requirement for an A/D converter in a GPS receiver having an antenna for receiving an analog input signal and a low noise amplifier for amplifying the input signal, comprising a filter for filtering about a bandwidth B the amplified signal; a down-conversion module centering the frequency of the filtered signal about a center frequency f0; an automatic gain controller (AGC) for setting a set point of the input signal; an adder for adding noise to the gain controlled signal, said noise based upon the bandwidth B and center frequency f0; and an analog to digital (A/D) converter for converting the added noise signal to a digital signal, wherein the noise added to the gain controlled signal reduces the bit depth requirement of the A/D converter.