Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing dough for baking, the process comprising: a) reducing a unit dough piece in thickness, b) coiling the reduced dough piece, and c) repeating steps a) and b) at least once; dough so produced; a process for preparing a baked product using said dough; and apparatus for preparing dough for baking.

Abstract: A control system is described for optimizing the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine, especially those internal combustion engines that employ a lean air-fuel ratio. The control system employs a temperature control assembly that is capable of selectively heating the exhaust gas prior to introduction into the NOx catalyst system, thus rapidly bringing the temperature of the NOx catalyst system up to operating temperature.

Abstract: A control system is described for optimizing the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine, especially those internal combustion engines that employ a lean air-fuel ratio. The control system employs a temperature control assembly that is capable of selectively heating the exhaust gas prior to introduction into the NOx catalyst system, thus rapidly bringing the temperature of the NOx catalyst system up to operating temperature.

Abstract: A methodology of computing a learned combustion stability value and applying the learned combustion stability value to control engine operation is provided. Engine speed is sensed for each expected firing of individual cylinders ofthe engine. An expected acceleration value is determined using a band-pass-filtered engine speed difference. The difference between successive expected acceleration values is computed. A learned combustion related value is determined as a function of the difference in the successive learned acceleration values and is an indication of engine combustion quality. The operation of the engine is controlled as a function of the learned combustion related value. The learned combustion stability value is advantageously employed so as to modify the fuel injection to an internal combustion engine, especially following a cold engine start so as to reduce hydrocarbon emissions.