Abstract: A structure for high performance light emitting electrochemical cells comprises at least two active layers of mixed ionic/electronic conducting materials, at least one of which is electroluminescent. The active layers are sandwiched between ion blocking electrodes, typically metal and/or transparent conducting oxide, that are electrically but not ionically conductive. Application of bias to the electrodes results in the polarization of ions at the electrodes thereby generating a field to drive the injection of electronic carriers into the active layer. The injected electron and holes recombine within the active layers to emit light. The ability to balance electron and hole injection in the design of such devices provides for optimal light emission efficiency.

Abstract: Solid-state, electrically driven polymer light emitting devices based on two or more layers of conjugated polymers are provided. At least one of the layers is an internally compensated doped conjugated ionomer. Such internally compensated doped conjugated ionomers are used to fabricate efficient light-emitting device structures that are not possible with more conventional doped conjugated polymers because of the problem of dopant ion diffusion in the latter.

Abstract: A structure for high performance light emitting electrochemical cells comprises at least two active layers of mixed ionic/electronic conducting materials, at least one of which is electroluminescent. The active layers are sandwiched between ion blocking electrodes, typically metal and/or transparent conducting oxide, that are electrically but not ionically conductive. Application of bias to the electrodes results in the polarization of ions at the electrodes thereby generating a field to drive the injection of electronic carriers into the active layer. The injected electron and holes recombine within the active layers to emit light. The ability to balance electron and hole injection in the design of such devices provides for optimal light emission efficiency.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices have a semiconductor/conducting polymer interface are disclosed. The conducting polymer may be electrically contacted in a manner to assure that it remains exposed to the environment. If the environment is an inert electrolyte to which additional electrodes are contacted, the conducting polymer can be electrochemically oxidized or reduced to control its electrochemical potential and a tunable (variable barrier) diode results. This tunable diode is a device that rectifies current like a traditional diode, but unlike traditional diodes, the effective barrier height of the tunable diode can be actively controlled. This control can be an element of an active device or a means for fabricating fixed barrier diodes with controlled barrier heights. Alternatively, the environment can contain an analyte to be sensed, either directly or through a mediating layer. The electrical characteristics (e.g.