Abstract: The invention provides novel methods for preparing camptothecin derivatives and their synthetic precursors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound comprising a modified saccharide moiety conjugated to a nucleic acid. The compound is useful in medicine for RNA interference therapy or for research and diagnostic purposes. In particular, the compound is useful in treating liver disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound comprising a modified saccharide moiety conjugated to a nucleic acid. The compound is useful in medicine for RNA interference therapy or for research and diagnostic purposes. In particular, the compound is useful in treating liver disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound comprising a modified saccharide moiety conjugated to a nucleic acid. The compound is useful in medicine for RNA interference therapy or for research and diagnostic purposes. In particular, the compound is useful in treating liver disease.

Abstract: Compositions including a therapeutically effective amount of an HIV immunogen in combination with an agent that stimulates the Ras pathway, wherein the agent is not an aluminum salt, are disclosed. Methods are also disclosed for inducing an immune response to HIV, and/or to inhibit or treat HIV infection, in a subject, using an HIV immunogen and an agent that stimulates the Ras pathway. Methods also are disclosed for determining if an immunogenic composition will induce a protective response, and/or to determine if an immunogenic composition is of use to prevent or treat an HIV infection. The methods including determining if the immunogenic composition increases the level of one or more components of the Ras signaling pathway.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for novel cationic lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with siRNA, to facilitate the cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and to knockdown target mRNA both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: Compositions including a therapeutically effective amount of an HIV immunogen in combination with an agent that stimulates the Ras pathway, wherein the agent is not an aluminum salt, are disclosed. Methods are also disclosed for inducing an immune response to HIV, and/or to inhibit or treat HIV infection, in a subject, using an HIV immunogen and an agent that stimulates the Ras pathway. Methods also are disclosed for determining if an immunogenic composition will induce a protective response, and/or to determine if an immunogenic composition is of use to prevent or treat an HIV infection. The methods including determining if the immunogenic composition increases the level of one or more components of the Ras signaling pathway.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for novel cationic lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with siRNA, to facilitate the cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and to knockdown target mRNA both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for novel cationic lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with siRNA, to facilitate the cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and to knockdown target mRNA both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: Systems and methods that incorporate a variable liquid lens are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, a light projecting system includes a light source, and a light processing assembly configured to receive a light beam from the light source and to project an output field. The light processing assembly includes at least one liquid lens configured to controllably process the light beam such that the output field is variable between a relatively-broader illuminating field and a relatively-narrower targeting field. In some embodiments, a controller may controllably adjust the at least one liquid lens to alternately provide the illuminating field and the targeting field, and may controllably adjust at least one dwell time to adjust a brightness of at least one of the illuminating and targeting fields, respectively.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for novel cationic lipids with short lipid chains that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with oligonucleotides, to facilitate the cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and to knockdown target mRNA both in vitro and in vivo while decreasing inflammatory toxicities.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for novel cationic lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with siRNA, to facilitate the cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and to knockdown target mRNA both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: Systems and methods that incorporate a variable liquid lens are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, a light projecting system includes a light source, and a light processing assembly configured to receive a light beam from the light source and to project an output field. The light processing assembly includes at least one liquid lens configured to controllably process the light beam such that the output field is variable between a relatively-broader illuminating field and a relatively-narrower targeting field. In some embodiments, a controller may controllably adjust the at least one liquid lens to alternately provide the illuminating field and the targeting field, and may controllably adjust at least one dwell time to adjust a brightness of at least one of the illuminating and targeting fields, respectively.

Abstract: Hydroxy (tetra- or hexa-)hydronaphthyridine dione compounds of Formula I are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication: (I) wherein a, R1?, R2?, R3?, R4? and R5? are defined herein. The compounds are useful in the prevention and treatment of infection by HIV and in the prevention, delay in the onset, and treatment of AIDS. The compounds are employed against HIV infection and AIDS as compounds per se or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The compounds and their salts can be employed as ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions, optionally in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a compound of the structural formula (22) (22) crystal form of structural formulae (21) and its free acid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of preparing and using these compounds.

Abstract: Hydroxy (tetra- or hexa-)hydronaphthyridine dione compounds of Formula I are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication: (I) wherein a, R,1?, R,2?, R,3?, R,4? and R,5? are defined herein. The compounds are useful in the prevention and treatment of infection by HIV and in the prevention, delay in the onset, and treatment of AIDS. The compounds are employed against HIV infection and AIDS as compounds per se or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The compounds and their salts can be employed as ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions, optionally in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.

Abstract: A method of detecting protein kinases in a sample by coating a solid surface with a buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors and immobilizing a labeled antibody to the coated solid surface, whereby protein kinases react with the antibody, thereby detecting a presence of the protein kinases. Also provided is an assay and kit for detecting protein kinases having antibodies specific to a phosphorylation site of the protein kinase and a label bound to the antibodies.

Abstract: Elevated blood levels of the chemokine CXCL10 polypeptide are associated with respiratory illnesses (e.g. SARS, influenza and community-acquired pneumonia) and are useful in diagnosis of patients. Methods are provided for diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from respiratory illnesses. Methods are provided for identifying inhibitors of the CXCL10:CXCR3 axis, for use in treating patients suffering from respiratory illnesses.

Abstract: An aiming system for a trajectory weapon such as a ground launcher, machine gun, mortar, or the like. The aiming system is attached to a conventional mount for the involved weapon. Also disclosed is a method of sighting in a weapon which employs the aiming system.

Abstract: An aiming system for a trajectory weapon such as a ground launcher, machine gun, mortar, or the like. The aiming system is attached to a conventional mount for the involved weapon. Also disclosed is a method of sighting in a weapon which employs the aiming system.