Abstract: Mechanisms including: receiving a first set of observed spike counts (FSoOSCs) for the spiking cells; determining a set of probabilities (SoPs) by: retrieving the SoPs from stored information (SI); or calculating the SopS based on the SI, wherein the SI regards possible biological states (BSs) of a subject, wherein each of the possible BSs belongs to at least one of a plurality of time sequences (PoTSs) of BSs, wherein each of the PoTSs of BSs corresponds to a possible action of the subject, and wherein each probability in the set of probabilities indicates a likelihood of observing a possible spike count for one of the plurality of spiking cells; identifying using a hardware processor a first identified BS of the subject from the possible BSs based on the FSoOSCs and the set of probabilities; and determining an action to be performed based on the first identified BS.

Abstract: Mechanisms including: receiving a first set of observed spike counts (FSoOSCs) for the spiking cells; determining a set of probabilities (SoPs) by: retrieving the SoPs from stored information (SI); or calculating the SopS based on the SI, wherein the SI regards possible biological states (BSs) of a subject, wherein each of the possible BSs belongs to at least one of a plurality of time sequences (PoTSs) of BSs, wherein each of the PoTSs of BSs corresponds to a possible action of the subject, and wherein each probability in the set of probabilities indicates a likelihood of observing a possible spike count for one of the plurality of spiking cells; identifying using a hardware processor a first identified BS of the subject from the possible BSs based on the FSoOSCs and the set of probabilities; and determining an action to be performed based on the first identified BS.

Abstract: Mechanisms including: receiving a first set of observed spike counts (FSoOSCs) for the spiking cells; determining a set of probabilities (SoPs) by: retrieving the SoPs from stored information (SI); or calculating the SopS based on the SI, wherein the SI regards possible biological states (BSs) of a subject, wherein each of the possible BSs belongs to at least one of a plurality of time sequences (PoTSs) of BSs, wherein each of the PoTSs of BSs corresponds to a possible action of the subject, and wherein each probability in the set of probabilities indicates a likelihood of observing a possible spike count for one of the plurality of spiking cells; identifying using a hardware processor a first identified BS of the subject from the possible BSs based on the FSoOSCs and the set of probabilities; and determining an action to be performed based on the first identified BS.

Abstract: Systems for orienting strands and/or other types of particles are provided. The systems may have tabs which extend from orienting disks and/or collars and/or spacers which may be disposed on shafts. The tabs may prevent accumulation of strands between disks utilized within an orienting system. For example, the tabs may contact strands and/or other particles and guide or force the particles to be moved past the disks toward successive disks, or onto a screen or conveyor line.

Abstract: The present invention is a microwave preheat press. The microwave preheat press includes a first and a second press section which define a press passage therebetween. A compression belt movable along the press passage is contiguous with one of the press sections. The press passage is configured such that it has an initial press section leading into a final press section. A microwave generator is in communication with a microwave waveguide applicator structure assembly such that microwave energy is created and transmitted through the microwave waveguide assembly into the initial compression section.

Abstract: The present invention is a microwave preheat press. The microwave preheat press includes a first and a second press section which define a press passage therebetween. A compression belt movable along the press passage is contiguous with one of the press sections. The press passage is configured such that it has an initial press section leading into a final press section. A microwave generator is in communication with a microwave waveguide applicator structure assembly such that microwave energy is created and transmitted through the microwave waveguide assembly into the initial compression section.