Abstract: Oligonucleotide analogs having one or more substitute linkages of the formula 2'/3'--S--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.5' or 2'/3'--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.5' between adjacent nucleomonomers are disclosed. The substitute linkage replace the usual phosphodiester linkage found in unmodified nucleic acids. The oligonucleotide analogs are easy to synthesize, stable in vivo, resistant to endogenous nucleases and are able to hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences in a sequence specific manner.

Abstract: A method is provided for the high fidelity, rapid and economical in vitro synthesis of oligonucleotides. Nucleoside H-phosphonates are condensed in seriatim using a dehydrating agent to produce a poly (nucleoside H-phosphonate). The product is oxidized to yield the desired oligonucleotide. A novel reagent is provided for multiple nucleoside additions in single cycles.

Abstract: Pyridinone or pyrimidinone nucleoside bases containing fused aromatic polycyclic rings are provided. These polycyclic nucleosides are incorporated into oligonucleotides and hybridized to complementary nucleic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal denaturation profiles provided evidence that the polycyclic base is intercalated into the resulting duplex. The fused polycyclic ring systems optionally are substituted with reactive species which inactivate complementary nucleic acids. The oligonucleotides of this invention are useful as improved probes, diagnostic reagents, or for cleaving or derivatizing predetermined domains within nucleic acids.

Abstract: New and useful intermediate nucleotides bound to an inorganic polymer support, including the preparation thereof, and processes for the conversion to oligonucleotides which are especially useful for the synthesis of polynucleotides, particularly ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, are described.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the production of oligonucleotides which comprises:(a) converting an inorganic polymer into a coupling agent-polymer;(b) combining the coupling agent-polymer with a blocked nucleoside to obtain a blocked nucleoside-modified support; and(c) removing the blocking group from the blocked nucleoside-modified support to provide for the coupling of nucleotides to the nucleoside-modified support.

Abstract: Described herein is the secretion from yeast of heterologous protein via a preprotein in which the heterologous protein is fused to the signal peptide of a yeast protein. The preprotein is processed by the cells to produce and secrete mature heterologous protein.

Abstract: A method is provided for the high fidelity, rapid and economical in vitro synthesis of oligonucleotides. Nucleoside H-phosphonates are condensed in seriatim using a dehydrating agent to produce a poly (nucleoside H-phosphonate). The produce is oxidized to yield the desired oligonucleotide. A novel reagent is provided for multiple nucleoside additions in single cycles.

Abstract: A method is provided for identifying mutants that leads to the enhanced expression and periplasmic secretion of heterologous preproteins from host cells. Mutants in the host cell or in the gene encoding the heterologous preprotein are identified readily by transforming the host cell with a fusion which comprises DNA encoding the heterologous preprotein and a detectable marker protein. A marker protein is chosen that only becomes active in the periplasmic or extracellular environment. Thus, desired mutants are identified by enhanced marker expression and secretion. The ability of the preprotein DNA or host cell mutants to enhance expression and secretion of the heterologous protein-enzyme fusions is found to correlate with similar enhancement of the expression and secretion of the heterologous protein alone and not as a fusion.

Abstract: New and useful intermediate nucleotides bound to an inorganic polymer support, including the preparation thereof, and processes for the conversion to oligonucleotides which are especially useful for the synthesis of polynucleotides, particularly ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).

Abstract: New and useful intermediate nucleotides bound to an inorganic polymer support, including the preparation thereof, and processes for the conversion to oligonucleotides which are especially useful for the synthesis of polynucleotides, particularly ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).