Abstract: A process for preparing a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen catalyst precursor for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms, by reacting vanadium pentoxide (I) in the presence of a primary or secondary, noncyclic or cyclic, unbranched or branched, saturated alcohol having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms (II) with a pentavalent or trivalent phosphorus compound (III) in a temperature range from 80 to 160° C. with stirring and subsequently filtering the resultant suspension, in which (a) the way in which the phosphorus compound (III) and the vanadium pentoxide (I) are combined in the presence of the alcohol (II), (b) the action of a stirring power of from 0.01 to 0.6 W/kg suspension, and/or (c) the filtration at a temperature from 65° C. to 160° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen catalyst precursor for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms, which comprises (a) reacting vanadium pentoxide with from 102 to 110% strength phosphoric acid in the presence of a primary or secondary, noncyclic or cyclic, unbranched or branched, saturated alcohol having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms in a temperature range from 80 to 160° C.; (b) isolating the precipitate formed; (c) setting an organic carbon content of ?1.1% by weight in the isolated precipitate by heat treatment in a temperature range from 250 to 350° C., the heat-treated product, following the addition of 3.0% by weight of graphite, giving a powder X-ray diffraction diagram which in the 2? region features a ratio of the height of the peak of any pyrophosphate phase present at 28.5° to the height of the peak due to the graphite at 26.6° of ?0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a catalyst containing vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen, which is used for oxidizing the gas phase of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms to maleic anhydride. According to the inventive method, a corresponding catalyst precursor which contains vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen and is provided with particles having an average diameter of at least 2 mm is converted into a catalytically active form by means of calcination, and a flow of the catalyst precursor is transported on a conveyor belt across at least one calcination area over a distance ln at an essentially steady speed in order to be calcinated. The variation over time of the gas temperature in relation to the set point value amounts to ?5 ° C.

Abstract: A new and improved EGR valve having a valve body having an inlet port and an outlet port with a valve member moveably supported within the valve body between the inlet and outlet ports. A control cap is connected to the valve body and contains an integrated sensor that is used to provide an engine control module with pressure readings from the valve body and the interior portion of the cap. Additionally the cap also has an integrated zero emissions system that is capable of preventing the release of harmful chemicals into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing substrates such as hydrocarbons, waxes or soot. The method involves the use of a compound of formula (I) in which: R1 and R2 represent H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 hydrocarbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R1 and R2 designate identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bonding; Q1 and Q2 represent C, CH, N, CR5, each being the same or different; X and Z represent C, S, CH2, each being the same or different; Y represents O and OH; k=0, 1, 2; l=0, 1, 2; m=1 to 3, and; R5 represents one of the meanings of R1. Said compound is used as a catalyst in the presence of a radical initiator, whereby the molar ratio of the catalyst to the hydrocarbon is less than 10 mol %. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as the radical initiator. Preferred substrates are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of an n-butene-containing hydrocarbon stream by means of oxygen-containing gases in a shell-and-tube reactor having two successive reaction zones, where the first, feed-side reaction zone contains at least one catalyst which is suitable for the oxydehydrogenation of n-butenes to 1,3-butadiene and the second, product-side reaction zone contains at least one catalyst which is suitable for the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene to maleic anhydride, is carried out using a shell-and-tube reactor which has at least one heat transfer medium circuit in the region of the first, feed-side reaction zone and at least one further heat transfer medium circuit in the region of the second, product-side reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing phenol derivatives by catalytic oxidation of an aromatic hydrocarbon to the hydroperoxide and subsequent cleavage of the hydroperoxide to give the phenol derivative and a ketone, wherein a compound of the formula I where R1, R2=H, aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, in each case having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, where R1 and R2 are identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 may be joined to one another via a covalent bond, and X, Z=C, S, CH2 Y=O, OH k=0, 1, 2 l=0, 1, 2 m=1-3; is used as oxidation catalyst in the presence of a free-radical initiator, where the molar ratio of the catalyst to the aromatic hydrocarbon is less than 10 mol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing zeolite catalysts containing subgroup metals by hydrothermal synthesis with subsequent calcination, which is characterized in that the subgroup metals are used in hydrothermal synthesis in the form of carbonyl, isonitrile or cyanocomplexes.

Abstract: A vanadium-, phosphorus- and oxygen-containing catalyst for the preparation of maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon of at least four carbon atoms has a phosphorus/vanadium ratio of from 0.9 to 1.5, comprises particles having a mean diameter of at least 2 mm and has a composition which, using CuK&agr; radiation (&lgr;=1.54·10−10 m), gives a powder X-ray diffraction pattern which, in the 2&thgr; range from 10° to 70°, has a signal/background ratio of ≦10 for all diffraction lines which are attributable to a vanadium- and phosphorus-containing phase. Said catalyst is prepared and is used for the preparation of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing substrates such as hydrocarbons, waxes or soot. The method involves the use of a compound of formula (I) in which: R1 and R2 represent H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 hydrocarbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R1 and R2 designate identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bonding; Q1 and Q2 represent C, CH, N, CR5, each being the same or different; X and Z represent C, S, CH2, each being the same or different; Y represents O and OH; k=0, 1, 2; l=0, 1, 2; m=1 to 3, and; R5 represents one of the meanings of R1. Said compound is used as a catalyst in the presence of a radical initiator, whereby the molar ratio of the catalyst to the hydrocarbon is less than 10 mol %. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as the radical initiator.

Abstract: Oligomeric silasesquioxanes having the formula R6Si6O9 wherein R is alkyl, cycloalkyl other than cyclohexyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, and/or heteroaryl, and the structure I; processes for preparing oligomeric silasesquioxanes of formula R6Si6O9 wherein R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, and/or heteroaryl; processes of using such oligomeric silasesquioxanes; and products obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing phenol derivatives by catalytic oxidation of an aromatic hydrocarbon to the hydroperoxide and subsequent cleavage of the hydroperoxide to give the phenol derivative and a ketone, wherein a compound of the formula I 1

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxidation of an organic compound in an electrochemical cell having an anode, a cathode and an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte, wherein the organic compound is contacted with the anode, wherein the anode contains a mixture of an electroconductive material and a mixed oxide of the formula I

Abstract: Process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons having 2 to 20 carbon atoms using microorganisms such as bacterial strains such as Rhodococcus ruber KB1, Rhodococcus ruber DSM 7511, Rhodococcus ruber SW 3 or Arthrobacter sp. 11075, their natural mutants or genetically modified mutants. The process can be used for producing oxidation products of hydrocarbons such as alcohols with improved selectivity, and for cleaning up water or soil samples contaminated with hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a solid electrolyte which conducts oxygen ions, and a positive electrode comprising zeolites, mordenites, silicates, phosphates or mixed-metal oxides having a pore size of less than 200 nm can be used in a process for partially oxidizing organic compounds, for example alkanes, olefins or aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active, permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material can be used for separating mixtures of materials. The fact that various catalytically active substances can be incorporated into the material in various ways makes it highly flexible in terms of possible applications with properties which can be adapted to the particular purpose of an application. The inventive composite material can be used as a catalytically active membrane electrode, for example. According to the invention, the material is obtained by solidifying a suspension on and in a porous, permeable support. The production of the material requires either a very short period of heat treatment at temperatures of around 400° C. or treatment for a longer period at very mild temperatures of below 100° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymers containing double bonds by ruthenium carbene catalysis is carried out, where a ring-opening polymerization of monomers of the Formula (I) occurs 1

Abstract: A process for the electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds, wherein the anode material used is a mixed oxide of formula (I) MoaBibX1cX2dX3eX4fX5gOh  (I) where X1 is V, Nb, Cr, W, Ta, Ga, Ce, and/or La; X2 is Li, La, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd and/or Pt; X3 is Fe, Co, Ni and/or Zn; X4 is Sn, Rb, Sb and/or Te; X5 is Ti, Zr, Si and/or Al; and where a is 0-3; b is 0-3; c is 0-12.5; d is 0-5; e is 0-1.5; f is 0-1; and g is 0-25 with the proviso that a+d≧0.15.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxyl-containing aromatic compounds by catalytic oxidation.

Abstract: Described are complexes of the transition metals manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium and/or copper containing one or more ligands of general formula (I) ou (II)in which R is a direct bond or an optionally amin-group-substituted alkylene group with 1 to 4 C-atoms, A is a condensed or non-condensed ring system containing at least one nitrogen atom, B is hydrogen, an OH-group or the same as A, and X is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with and/or C.sub.1-4 alkyl or an optionally hydroxy-substituted C.sub.1-4 alkylene group. The complexes are suitable for use as activators or peroxy compounds in oxidative washing, cleaning and disinfectant solutions, washing and cleaning agents preferably containing 0.0025 to 0.25% by wt. of such activator complexes.