Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for measuring an impedance of one or more target cells before and after an electroporation protocol has been applied to the one or more target cells. The result of the impedance measurement provides a feedback control that can be implemented during and/or after the electroporation protocol to customize the electrical treatment for a particular target cell or cellular tissue.

Abstract: Resin-based electronic parking brake pistons, methods of making said pistons, and methods of using said pistons are disclosed, wherein each piston has a piston body made of a sole synthetic polymer material consisting of at least one reaction product obtained by reacting at least one formaldehyde with at least one phenol and/or at least one substituted phenol. Each piston may also have an internal contact area disposed in an interior of the piston body and configured to contact at least one spindle nut of at least one electromechanical parking brake system and/or an outer surface disposed on an exterior of the piston body and configured to be slidable within at least one caliper bore of at least one electromechanical parking brake system.

Abstract: Hybrid brake piston systems, methods of making hybrid brake piston systems and methods of using hybrid brake piston systems are provided. The hybrid disk brake piston systems have load bearing metal-based pressure pads and engineered resin-based outer bodies that are assembled using seal layouts and/or grooves. The metal-based pressure pads may be made from mild steel, stainless steel or aluminum and/or are designed and configured to contact both a spindle nut and a brake pad and to carry the load whilst under electronic parking activation. The resin-based outer bodies may be made of phenolic resin and/or are designed to move under hydraulic brake activation.

Abstract: A road marker placement apparatus has a dispenser for dispensing a road marker, a carriage for carrying the road marker dispensed by the dispenser, and a drive arrangement for driving the carriage from a collecting position. At the collecting position, the carriage can collect the road marker from the dispenser. The carriage can place the road marker on the road while being driven by the drive arrangement.

Abstract: A road marker placement apparatus has a dispenser for dispensing a road marker, a carriage for carrying the road marker dispensed by the dispenser, and a drive arrangement for driving the carriage from a collecting position. At the collecting position, the carriage can collect the road marker from the dispenser. The carriage can place the road marker on the road while being driven by the drive arrangement.