Abstract: A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus may include a compacted homogenous body of an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-%, preferably more than 75 wt.-%, of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% Fe2O3, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material.

Abstract: An active element for an electrochemical apparatus or an electrical energy generating apparatus may include a plane or curved, generally plate-type, sheet-type or mesh-type support body. A surface of the support body is at least partly (preferably entirely) coated with amorphous nickel boron or nickel thallium boron or a similar amorphous, columnar growth boron containing coating having a nodular topography.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and methods are described in which articulates and/or oxide compounds are removed from a fluid medium, where at least some of the oxide compounds are converted to elemental and/or allotropic substances and can be collected for use in further applications.

Abstract: A hydrogen-developing body of an apparatus for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte solution is disclosed. The hydrogen-developing body is formed from magnesium (Mg) or zinc (Zn) or the like, or an alloy thereof, or has an electrolyte-contacting surface which is formed from magnesium (Mg) or zinc (Zn) or the like, or an alloy thereof. The electrolyte-contacting surface has regions formed from iron (Fe) or a Fe alloy, or the like, which are pellet-shaped and stochastically embedded into the surface such that the Fe/Fe alloy pellets are exposed to the environment of the body.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus may include a compacted homogenous body of an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-%, preferably more than 75 wt.-%, of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% Fe2O3, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material.

Abstract: The active element of an electrochemical apparatus for producing electrical power and/or hydrogen may be formed as a massive metal body or a mesh-type or perforated sheet-type support structure. The support structure may be made from at least one of magnesium, zinc, aluminum, manganese, iron, or titanium, or an alloy of at least one of these, and may include a coating of boron enhanced carbon/graphite/graphene or a boron enhanced material. The boron enhanced material may include at least two elements selected from carbon/graphite/graphene, nickel, tungsten, phosphorous, and copper.

Abstract: A lift and drive unit for an aircraft or submarine vehicle may include a hydrogen based drive component for providing a forward drive force to move the aircraft or vehicle over ground, and a hydrogen-based lift component for providing an upward drive force to move the aircraft or vehicle upward. An onboard hydrogen generating apparatus is connectable to both the drive component and the lift component, for providing the drive and lift components with hydrogen.

Abstract: A hydrogen-developing body of an apparatus for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte solution is disclosed. The hydrogen-developing body is formed from magnesium (Mg) or zinc (Zn) or the like, or an alloy thereof, or has an electrolyte-contacting surface which is formed from magnesium (Mg) or zinc (Zn) or the like, or an alloy thereof. The electrolyte-contacting surface has regions formed from iron (Fe) or a Fe alloy, or the like, which are pellet-shaped and stochastically embedded into the surface such that the Fe/Fe alloy pellets are exposed to the environment of the body.

Abstract: An active element for an electrochemical apparatus or an electrical energy generating apparatus may include a plane or curved, generally plate-type, sheet-type or mesh-type support body. A surface of the support body is at least partly (preferably entirely) coated with amorphous nickel boron or nickel thallium boron or a similar amorphous, columnar growth boron containing coating having a nodular topography.

Abstract: Anode element for a fuel and electrical power generator unit, the anode element being formed as a massive metal body made from at least one of magnesium, zinc, or aluminum, or an alloy of at least one of these and comprising a porous activated surface layer.

Abstract: Electrical energy buffering system, comprising an energy source for delivering electrical energy, an energy buffer for buffering electrical energy delivered from the energy source, the energy buffer comprising a plurality of supercapacitors, and control logic for controlling the operation of the energy buffer by selectively switching the supercapacitors, wherein the plurality of supercapacitors are switchably connected in parallel to each other in a circuit comprising the energy source and an electrical power output, and the control logic comprises a buffer monitor for monitoring a parameter representing the charge or discharge state, respectively, of each of the supercapacitors and is adapted to sequentially switch single supercapacitors or groups of supercapacitors on, responsive to the detection of a first predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively, and to switch them off, responsive to the detection of a second predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively.

Abstract: Electrical energy buffering system, comprising an energy source for delivering electrical energy, an energy buffer for buffering electrical energy delivered from the energy source, the energy buffer comprising a plurality of supercapacitors, and control logic for controlling the operation of the energy buffer by selectively switching the supercapacitors, wherein the plurality of supercapacitors are switchably connected in parallel to each other in a circuit comprising the energy source and an electrical power output, and the control logic comprises a buffer monitor for monitoring a parameter representing the charge or discharge state, respectively, of each of the supercapacitors and is adapted to sequentially switch single supercapacitors or groups of supercapacitors on, responsive to the detection of a first predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively, and to switch them off, responsive to the detection of a second predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte solution, in particular an aqueous solution, is described. The apparatus includes a hydrogen-developing body having an electrolyte-contacting surface. The electrolyte-contacting surface of the hydrogen-developing body includes regions formed from magnesium, Mg, zinc, Zn, aluminium, Al, or alloys thereof alternating with regions formed from ferrum, Fe, or a ferrous alloy, Fe alloy. The apparatus may further include means for accumulating hydrogen which has developed on the surface of the body.

Abstract: Arrangement for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte solution, in particular an aqueous solution, the arrangement comprising a hydrogen-developing body, in the electrolyte-contacting surface of which regions formed from magnesium, Mg, or zinc, Zn, or the like, or an alloy thereof alternate with regions formed from ferrum, Fe, or a Fe alloy, or the like, and means for accumulating hydrogen which has developed on the surface of the body.

Abstract: Electrical energy buffering system, comprising an energy source for delivering electrical energy, an energy buffer for buffering electrical energy delivered from the energy source, the energy buffer comprising a plurality of supercapacitors, and control logic for controlling the operation of the energy buffer by selectively switching the supercapacitors, wherein the plurality of supercapacitors are switchably connected in parallel to each other in a circuit comprising the energy source and an electrical power output, and the control logic comprises a buffer monitor for monitoring a parameter representing the charge or discharge state, respectively, of each of the supercapacitors and is adapted to sequentially switch single supercapacitors or groups of supercapacitors on, responsive to the detection of a first predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively, and to switch them off, responsive to the detection of a second predetermined charge or discharge state, respectively.