Abstract: A system or method for generating GNSS corrections can include receiving satellite observations associated with a set of satellites at a reference station, determining atmospheric corrections valid within a geographical area; wherein geographical areas associated with different atmospheric corrections can be overlapping, and wherein the atmospheric corrections can be provided to a GNSS receiver when the locality of the GNSS receiver is within a transmission region of the geographical area.

Abstract: A system or method for generating or distributing GNSS corrections can include or operate to: generate a set of corrections based on satellite observations, wherein each correction of the set of corrections comprises an area associated with the correction, a tag, and correction data; update a set of stored corrections with the set of received corrections based on a tag associated with each correction of the set of stored corrections and the tag associated with each correction of the set of received corrections; and transmit stored corrections of the set of stored corrections to the GNSS receiver when the area associated with the stored corrections matches the locality of the GNSS receiver.

Abstract: A system or method for generating or distributing GNSS corrections can include or operate to: generate a set of corrections based on satellite observations, wherein each correction of the set of corrections comprises an area associated with the correction, a tag, and correction data; update a set of stored corrections with the set of received corrections based on a tag associated with each correction of the set of stored corrections and the tag associated with each correction of the set of received corrections; and transmit stored corrections of the set of stored corrections to the GNSS receiver when the area associated with the stored corrections matches the locality of the GNSS receiver.

Abstract: A system or method for generating GNSS corrections can include receiving satellite observations associated with a set of satellites at a reference station, determining atmospheric corrections valid within a geographical area; wherein geographical areas associated with different atmospheric corrections can be overlapping, and wherein the atmospheric corrections can be provided to a GNSS receiver when the locality of the GNSS receiver is within a transmission region of the geographical area.

Abstract: A system or method for generating GNSS corrections can include receiving satellite observations associated with a set of satellites at a reference station, determining atmospheric corrections valid within a geographical area; wherein geographical areas associated with different atmospheric corrections can be overlapping, and wherein the atmospheric corrections can be provided to a GNSS receiver when the locality of the GNSS receiver is within a transmission region of the geographical area.

Abstract: A system or method for generating or distributing GNSS corrections can include or operate to: generate a set of corrections based on satellite observations, wherein each correction of the set of corrections comprises an area associated with the correction, a tag, and correction data; update a set of stored corrections with the set of received corrections based on a tag associated with each correction of the set of stored corrections and the tag associated with each correction of the set of received corrections; and transmit stored corrections of the set of stored corrections to the GNSS receiver when the area associated with the stored corrections matches the locality of the GNSS receiver.

Abstract: A system or method for generating GNSS corrections can include receiving satellite observations associated with a set of satellites at a reference station, determining atmospheric corrections valid within a geographical area; wherein geographical areas associated with different atmospheric corrections can be overlapping, and wherein the atmospheric corrections can be provided to a GNSS receiver when the locality of the GNSS receiver is within a transmission region of the geographical area.

Abstract: A router and method are described herein that provide a “fast leave behavior” by instantly aging out group and source records that are associated with the IGMPv3/MLDv2 protocols. In one embodiment, the router and method are part of a triple play service network including a bandwidth-limited Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) network in which the instantly aging out of group and source records is desirable to implement a fast TV channel changing feature (or fast leave behavior).

Abstract: A router and method are described herein that provide a “fast leave behavior” by instantly aging out group and source records that are associated with the IGMPv3/MLDv2 protocols. In one embodiment, the router and method are part of a triple play service network including a bandwidth-limited Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) network in which the instantly aging out of group and source records is desirable to implement a fast TV channel changing feature (or fast leave behavior).

Abstract: A router and method are described herein that provide a “fast leave behavior” by instantly aging out group and source records that are associated with the IGMPv3/MLDv2 protocols. In one embodiment, the router and method are part of a triple play service network including a bandwidth-limited Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) network in which the instantly aging out of group and source records is desirable to implement a fast TV channel changing feature (or fast leave behavior).

Abstract: An enhanced DVMRP method for regulating multicast traffic in a destination-based forwarding router is disclosed. As a plurality of neighbor multicast routers are detected and route reports exchanged, the enhanced DVMRP router transmits one or more restricted route reports, each of the restricted route reports omitting the routes associated with one or more of its branch interfaces. With the exception of the neighbor router detected on a given interface, a route report omits reference to other branch interfaces to prevent branch-to-branch routing of multicast streams that may cause a destination-based forwarding router in a multi-access network to transmit duplicate packets to a group member. The enhanced DVMRP method also employs flash updates indicating that some branch interfaces are inaccessible in order to prevent multicast routing through newly-detected neighbor multicast routers.

Abstract: A router and method are described herein that provide a “fast leave behavior” by instantly aging out group and source records that are associated with the IGMPv3/MLDv2 protocols. In one embodiment, the router and method are part of a triple play service network including a bandwidth-limited Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) network in which the instantly aging out of group and source records is desirable to implement a fast TV channel changing feature (or fast leave behavior).

Abstract: An enhanced DVMRP method for regulating multicast traffic in a destination-based forwarding router is disclosed. As a plurality of neighbor multicast routers are detected and route reports exchanged, the enhanced DVMRP router transmits one or more restricted route reports, each of the restricted route reports omitting the routes associated with one or more of its branch interfaces. With the exception of the neighbor router detected on a given interface, a route report omits reference to other branch interfaces to prevent branch-to-branch routing of multicast streams that may cause a destination-based forwarding router in a multi-access network to transmit duplicate packets to a group member. The enhanced DVMRP method also employs flash updates indicating that some branch interfaces are inaccessible in order to prevent multicast routing through newly-detected neighbor multicast routers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for classifying querying nodes. A querying node is classified as a multicast router if it transmits a multicast routing protocol query message and the node is either unclassified or classified as a multicast querier. The node is classified as a multicast querier if it transmits a multicast group query message and the node is unclassified. IGMP multicast group membership reports are transmitted to both multicast queriers and multicast routers. IP multicast routing protocol data packets, however, are transmitted to only multicast routers.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for manufacturing inorganic membranes which are capable of separating oxygen from oxygen-containing gaseous mixtures. The membranes comprise a porous composite of a thin layer of a multicomponent metallic oxide which has been deposited onto a porous support wherein the pores of the multicomponent metallic oxide layer are subsequently filled or plugged with a metallic-based species. The inorganic membranes are formed by depositing a porous multicomponent metallic oxide layer onto the porous support to form a porous composite having a network of pores capable of transporting gases. The network of pores are plugged or filled by organometallic vapor infiltration to form an inorganic membrane having essentially no through porosity.