Abstract: Encoding method for data to be recorded on optical disks using the pit-per-transition technique or return-to-zero techniques whereby the characteristics of the encoded bits produce a stable, low frequency spectral notch and minimum interference with associated focus and tracking servomechanisms. RLL (d,k) code words are selected so that the ratio of the lengths of pits and lands approximate some nonzero fraction less than one-half which depends on the (d,k) code employed. For example, a fraction of 1/3 is appropriate for RLL (2,7).

Abstract: Error compensation in a feedback servo system. The feedback servo loop in, for example, a head positioning circuit in an optical disk data recording and retrieval system is provided with a compensation signal to correct for misalignment or other errors. The head in such a system must be dynamically maintained at a best focus position but, through use and transporting, the alignment of the head position error detecting system can be disturbed. In some cases, the loop circuit parameters may drift from their original values. To correct for errors introduced from such causes, the head is positioned at best focus and the focus error (head position error) signal is sensed. A correction signal is supplied which cancels out the sensed value while the system is operating.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) comprises a current controlled oscillator (ICO) and control circuitry which independently adjusts the gain (K.sub.v) and free-run or center frequency of the VCO. The control circuitry includes a first current source selected to set the free-run frequency of the VCO and a second current source selected to set the gain (K.sub.v) of the VCO. The current sources are coupled to a common node in a summing/difference configuration. The controlled current generated from the summing/difference configuration is delivered into the ICO. Independent current mirrors are utilized to supply controlled current into the node of the summing/difference configuration.