Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula Ar(—CH2C6Br5)y, wherein Ar indicates a structure comprising one or more six-membered aromatic ring(s) and —CH2C6Br5 indicates a pentabromobenzyl group, characterized in that at least one carbon atom of said six-membered aromatic ring(s) is bonded to the benzylic carbon of said —CH2C6Br5 group, wherein y, which indicates the number of the —CH2C6Br5 groups in said compound, is not less than 1. Processes for preparing the compounds and their use as flame retardants are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides pentabromobenzyl moiety containing hydroxy-functional compounds which are useful as flame-retardants in flexible and rigid polyurethane foams and also in rigid polyisocyanurate foams. Processes for preparing the compounds, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams containing the compounds are also provided by the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula Ar(—CH2C6Br5)y, wherein Ar indicates a structure comprising one or more six-membered aromatic ring(s) and —CH2C6Br5 indicates a pentabromobenzyl group, characterized in that at least one carbon atom of said six-membered aromatic ring(s) is bonded to the benzylic carbon of said —CH2C6Br5 group, wherein y, which indicates the number of the —CH2C6Br5 groups in said compound, is not less than 1. Processes for preparing the compounds and their use as flame retardants are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid flame retardant composition which comprises one or more flame retarding agents, which are the epoxides obtainable by reacting tetrabromobisphenol A with epichlorohydrin and their end-capped derivatives represented by Formula (1) is provided. The liquid composition is especially useful in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A liquid flame retardant composition having one or more flame retarding agents, which are the epoxides obtainable by reacting tetrabromobisphenol A with epichlorohydrin and their end-capped derivatives represented by Formula (1), is provided. The liquid composition is especially useful in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention provides pentabromobenzyl moiety containing hydroxy-functional compounds which are useful as flame-retardants in flexible and rigid polyurethane foams and also in rigid polyisocyanurate foams. Processes for preparing the compounds, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams containing the compounds are also provided by the invention.

Abstract: Compositions are provided for alleviating or preventing discoloration, known as “scorching”, in flame-retarded flexible polyurethane foams. The anti-scorch compositions contain combinations of antioxidant agents, epoxy compounds, organic phosphites—alone or in combination with metal salts of carboxylic acids. The compositions are useful, for example, for polyurethane foams retarded with aliphatic or aromatic phosphorus-based flame retardants, or with halogen-containing flame retardants.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for alleviating or preventing discoloration in flame-retarded flexible polyurethane foams, known as “scorching”, are provided. The anti-scorch compositions contain antioxidant agents combined with at least one, and preferably with two, additional compounds selected from ?-diketone compounds, epoxy compounds, organic phosphites or phosphonites, and metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition which comprises a first liquid, which is selected from the group consisting of non-halogenated polyols and mixtures thereof; a second liquid, which is selected from the group consisting of halogenated polyols or mixtures thereof; and tetrabromobisphenol A.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3-bromoanisole comprising methoxydenitrating 3-bromonitrobenzene in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst (PTC), and the preparation of 3-bromonirtobenzene by the bromination of nitrobenzene with bromine in oleum. The methoxydenitration reagent in an alkali metal methoxide, which is selected from sodium methoxide and potassium methoxide. The amount of methoxide used is 1-1.5 mol per mol of 3-bromonitrobenzene. The alkali methoxide can be a pre-prepared solid or it can be prepared in situ, by the reaction of the corresponding alkali hydroxide and methanol. In the case when pre-prepared solid methoxide is used, the effective amount of alkali hydroxide is between 1.2-1.7 mol per mol of 3-bromonitrobenzebe. The reaction temperatures are between about 40 to 80° C., with preference to reaction temperatures of 50 to 55° C. In the case in which methoxide is prepared in situ, the effective amount of alkali hydroxide is between 2.2-2.4 mol per mol of 3-bromonitrobenzene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (5-HIPA) that comprises hydrolyzing a starting material chosen from among 5-bromoisophthalic acid (5-BIPA), mixtures of 5-BIPA and dibromoisophthalic acid isomers, and salts of thereof in an aqueous alkaline solution, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a copper compound catalyst and in a temperature range of between 100.degree. and 270.degree. C.