Abstract: A geothermal plant, for extracting energy from a geothermal reservoir located below the ocean bottom, includes a floating platform; a riser that extends from a well drilled into the geothermal reservoir, to the floating platform; an electrical pump having a mechanical actuation part located in a bore of the riser, and an electronic part located outside the riser, wherein the electrical pump is configured to pump a geothermal liquid from the geothermal reservoir to the floating platform; and a power plant located on the floating platform and configured to use a steam produced by the geothermal liquid to generate electrical power. The electrical pump is placed at a depth of the riser where the geothermal liquid is in a single-phase.

Abstract: An ion source for a mass spectrometer comprises: a capillary having a nozzle for emitting a nebulized fluid sample; an electrode of the capillary; a high voltage power supply electrically coupled to the electrode; a second electrode disposed within or configurable to be disposed within a path of the nebulized fluid sample, wherein the capillary and capillary electrode are configurable so as to ionize the nebulized fluid sample by electrospray ionization and the second electrode is configurable so as to ionize the nebulized sample by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and wherein the second electrode is moveable between positions such that the second electrode is and is not disposed within the path of the nebulized fluid sample, respectively.

Abstract: A ion source for a mass spectrometer comprises: a capillary having a nozzle for emitting a nebulized fluid sample; an electrode of the capillary; a high voltage power supply; a second electrode disposed within or configurable to be disposed within a path of the nebulized fluid sample; and at least one switch for selecting application of an electrical potential provided by the high voltage power supply to either or both of the capillary electrode or the second electrode, wherein the capillary and capillary electrode are configurable so as to ionize the nebulized fluid sample by electrospray ionization and the second electrode is configurable so as to ionize the nebulized sample by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

Abstract: A ion source for a mass spectrometer comprises: a capillary having a nozzle for emitting a nebulized fluid sample; an electrode of the capillary; a high voltage power supply; a second electrode disposed within or configurable to be disposed within a path of the nebulized fluid sample; and at least one switch for selecting application of an electrical potential provided by the high voltage power supply to either or both of the capillary electrode or the second electrode, wherein the capillary and capillary electrode are configurable so as to ionize the nebulized fluid sample by electrospray ionization and the second electrode is configurable so as to ionize the nebulized sample by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

Abstract: A high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) comprises an electrical power supply electrically connected to at least one of the FAIMS electrodes and operable to as to apply a periodic asymmetric square-wave waveform voltage to at least one of the electrodes so as to selectively transmit a type of ion in and through a FAIMS analyzer region to an ion outlet, wherein the electrical power supply is operable so as to vary a time duration of pulses of the asymmetric square-wave waveform so as to control the type of ion selectively transmitted, an efficiency of said selective transmission or the ability to prevent transmission of a different type of ions in and through said analyzer region to the ion outlet.

Abstract: Auxiliary electrodes for creating drag fields may be provided as arrays of finger electrodes on thin substrates such as printed circuit board material for insertion between main RF electrodes of a multipole. A progressive range of voltages can be applied along lengths of the auxiliary electrodes by implementing a voltage divider that utilizes static resisters interconnecting individual finger electrodes of the arrays. Dynamic voltage variations may be applied to individual finger electrodes or to groups of the finger electrodes.

Abstract: Auxiliary electrodes for creating drag fields may be provided as arrays of finger electrodes on thin substrates such as printed circuit board material for insertion between main RF electrodes of a multipole. A progressive range of voltages can be applied along lengths of the auxiliary electrodes by implementing a voltage divider that utilizes static resisters interconnecting individual finger electrodes of the arrays. Dynamic voltage variations may be applied to individual finger electrodes or to groups of the finger electrodes.

Abstract: A method of controlling the population of ions in a mass spectrometer in which a first sample of ions is provided in the mass spectrometer, a measure of abundance of a species of interest in the first sample of ions is determined, the measure of abundance comprising an intensity value, and a second sample of ions is introduced into the mass spectrometer. The second sample of ions is introduced in an amount determined at least in part on the measure of abundance of the species of interest in the first sample of ions.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises material which have different thermal expansion coefficients, combined in such a way that the length of the drift region is variant, and self adjusting with temperature. The adjustment is such as to compensate for the length changes resulting from thermal expansion or contraction in other ion optical elements, such that ions of substantially equivalent mass to charge ratios maintain a constant flight time though the system. This allows for use of standard construction methods for the ion optical elements.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises material which have different thermal expansion coefficients, combined in such a way that the length of the drift region is variant, and self adjusting with temperature. The adjustment is such as to compensate for the length changes resulting from thermal expansion or contraction in other ion optical elements, such that ions of substantially equivalent mass to charge ratios maintain a constant flight time though the system. This allows for use of standard construction methods for the ion optical elements.

Abstract: A method of controlling the population of ions in a mass spectrometer in which a first sample of ions is provided in the mass spectrometer, a measure of abundance of a species of interest in the first sample of ions is determined, the measure of abundance comprising an intensity value, and a second sample of ions is introduced into the mass spectrometer. The second sample of ions is introduced in an amount determined at least in part on the measure of abundance of the species of interest in the first sample of ions.

Abstract: A computerised system and method for planning sales to clients in the hospitality, travel and leisure industries, by a sales team of at least one salesperson, comprising database software enabling or method steps of input and display of client data for each client; allocation of client data for each client to a responsible salesperson; and input and display of sales planning data for each client according to an overall business plan so that each salesperson can apportion sales time to each client according to the business plan.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.