Abstract: Systems and methods for an interposer that bridges finely spaced connections from an electrode array to corresponding electronics of a neural interface. A neural interface for subdural implantation may include an electrode array including a flexible substrate and a plurality of electrodes arranged on the flexible substrate, a first pad arranged on the flexible substrate, wherein the first pad is electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The neural interface may include an interposer including a printed circuit board (PCB), a second pad arranged on the PCB, a plurality of connectors arranged on the PCB, wherein the plurality of connectors are electrically connected to the second pad, and an epoxy electrically connecting the first pad and the second pad, wherein the epoxy comprises a conductive material.

Abstract: A device and system for real-time visualization of the electrophysiologic activity of a brain, particularly at the cortical surface. The neural device can acquire, process, and display high-spatiotemporal-resolution electrophysiologic data in real-time across entire electrode arrays spanning many thousands of electrodes over identified anatomic regions. The system is compatible with thin-film cortical surface electrodes that record from neural tissues without damaging those tissues. The system can be used to guide diagnostic and therapeutic actions with high precision, and also provides the basis for a brain-computer interface.

Abstract: A method and system for protecting electrode arrays while implanted on a brain including a flexible electrode array including non-penetrating cortical surface microelectrodes, a ceramic layer covering the electrode array and a polymer layer adjacent the ceramic layer, wherein the ceramic layer and the polymer layer hermetically seal the electrode array. The ceramic layer can be configured to exhibit sufficient flexibility to allow the electrode array to be implanted using minimally invasive surgical techniques, while still hermetically sealing the electrode array from a biological environment.

Abstract: A neuronavigation system including a microelectrode array configured to be placed on a brain surface and record neural signals, the microelectrode array comprising a fiducial, and a computer system configured to register a position of the microelectrode array with respect to the brain surface based on the fiducial, receive neural signals from the microelectrode array, and generate a visualization overlaying the received neural signals on a brain image based on the registered position of the microelectrode array for display during a neurosurgical procedure. The neuronavigation system can be used in a variety of different neurosurgical applications, including implanting neural interfaces or locating particular cortical regions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an interposer that bridges finely spaced connections from an electrode array to corresponding electronics of a neural interface. A neural interface for subdural implantation may include an electrode array including a flexible substrate and a plurality of electrodes arranged on the flexible substrate, a first pad arranged on the flexible substrate, wherein the first pad is electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The neural interface may include an interposer including a printed circuit board (PCB), a second pad arranged on the PCB, a plurality of connectors arranged on the PCB, wherein the plurality of connectors are electrically connected to the second pad, and an epoxy electrically connecting the first pad and the second pad, wherein the epoxy comprises a conductive material.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hermetic sealing a neural interface. The neural interface can include a substrate, an electronics subassembly disposed on the substrate, an electrode array coupled to the substrate defining a first interface, wherein the electrode array comprises a plurality of electrodes disposed at a distal end thereof, a lead wire coupled to the substrate, and an encapsulation layer covering the electronics, the first interface, and the second interface. The encapsulation layer comprises a low vapor permeability material and is configured to hermetically seal the electronics, the first interface, and the second interface from a biological environment.

Abstract: A device and system for real-time visualization of the electrophysiologic activity of a brain, particularly at the cortical surface. The neural device can acquire, process, and display high-spatiotemporal-resolution electrophysiologic data in real-time across entire electrode arrays spanning many thousands of electrodes over identified anatomic regions. The system is compatible with thin-film cortical surface electrodes that record from neural tissues without damaging those tissues. The system can be used to guide diagnostic and therapeutic actions with high precision, and also provides the basis for a brain-computer interface.

Abstract: A system for performing spinal cord stimulation on a subject is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, at least one stimulation array, and a processor. The recording arrays, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target recording site of the brain, include recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and having a spacing of less than about 1 mm therebetween. The stimulation array, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target stimulation site within the nervous tissue, includes stimulation electrodes. The processor is configured to receive more recorded signals from the recording arrays at the target recording site, determine an electrophysiological state of the brain based on the recorded signals, and deliver electrical stimulation to the target stimulation site through the stimulation array based on the determined electrophysiological state in order to affect the electrophysiological state.

Abstract: A system for detecting a neurological state of a brain of a patient is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, a database, and a processor. The recording arrays comprise a plurality of recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and spaced by less than about 1 mm, and are configured to be minimally invasively inserted to the brain to record electrical signals from a target recording site. The database stores electrophysiological data relating to known electrophysiological signatures associated with neurological states. The processor is configured to receive recorded signals from the recording arrays, access the electrophysiological data from the database, identify electrophysiological signatures in the recorded signals based on the electrophysiological data, and determine the neurological state of the brain based on the identified electrophysiological signatures.

Abstract: A medical device system that can include a medical device configured to sense data associated with the subject or receive control input, an external device communicably coupled to the medical device, a storage medium communicably coupled to the external device, and one or more communications interfaces between the medical device, the external device, and the storage medium or components thereof, wherein the one or more communications interfaces comprise an encryption protocol.

Abstract: A system for performing spinal cord stimulation on a subject is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, at least one stimulation array, and a processor. The recording arrays, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target recording site of the brain, include recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and having a spacing of less than about 1 mm therebetween. The stimulation array, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target stimulation site within the nervous tissue, includes stimulation electrodes. The processor is configured to receive more recorded signals from the recording arrays at the target recording site, determine an electrophysiological state of the brain based on the recorded signals, and deliver electrical stimulation to the target stimulation site through the stimulation array based on the determined electrophysiological state in order to affect the electrophysiological state.

Abstract: A system for performing deep brain stimulation on a brain of a patient is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, at least one stimulation array, and a processor. The recording arrays, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target recording site of the brain, include recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and having a spacing of less than about 1 mm therebetween. The stimulation array, which may be inserted to a target stimulation site within the deep brain, includes at least one stimulation electrode. The processor is configured to receive one or more recorded signals from the recording arrays at the target recording site, determine a neurological state of the brain based on the recorded signals, and deliver electrical stimulation to the target stimulation site through the stimulation array based on the neurological state in order to electrically stimulate the brain.

Abstract: A neural device system that can include a neural device configured to sense data associated with the subject or receive control input, an external device communicably coupled to the neural device, a storage medium communicable coupled to the external device, and one or more communications interfaces between the neural device, the external device, and the storage medium or components thereof, wherein the one or more communications interfaces comprise an encryption protocol.

Abstract: A system for performing spinal cord stimulation on a subject is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, at least one stimulation array, and a processor. The recording arrays, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target recording site of the brain, include recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and having a spacing of less than about 1 mm therebetween. The stimulation array, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target stimulation site within the nervous tissue, includes stimulation electrodes. The processor is configured to receive more recorded signals from the recording arrays at the target recording site, determine an electrophysiological state of the brain based on the recorded signals, and deliver electrical stimulation to the target stimulation site through the stimulation array based on the determined electrophysiological state in order to affect the electrophysiological state.

Abstract: A system for performing deep brain stimulation on a brain of a patient is disclosed. The system comprises one or more recording arrays, at least one stimulation array, and a processor. The recording arrays, which may be minimally invasively inserted to a target recording site of the brain, include recording electrodes having a diameter of less than about 1 mm and having a spacing of less than about 1 mm therebetween. The stimulation array, which may be inserted to a target stimulation site within the deep brain, includes at least one stimulation electrode. The processor is configured to receive one or more recorded signals from the recording arrays at the target recording site, determine a neurological state of the brain based on the recorded signals, and deliver electrical stimulation to the target stimulation site through the stimulation array based on the neurological state in order to electrically stimulate the brain.

Abstract: A medical device system that can include a medical device configured to sense data associated with the subject or receive control input, an external device communicably coupled to the medical device, a storage medium communicably coupled to the external device, and one or more communications interfaces between the medical device, the external device, and the storage medium or components thereof, wherein the one or more communications interfaces comprise an encryption protocol.

Abstract: A neural device system that can include a neural device configured to sense data associated with the subject or receive control input, an external device communicably coupled to the neural device, a storage medium communicable coupled to the external device, and one or more communications interfaces between the neural device, the external device, and the storage medium or components thereof, wherein the one or more communications interfaces comprise an encryption protocol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for neural interfaces. Neural interfaces may form minimally invasive and high-scalable bidirectional brain-computer interfaces, which may be used in the treatment of a variety of disorders of the brain and nervous system. Disclosed are methods for a minimally invasive technique for implanting neural interfaces, a neural interface configured to be placed between the brain and the dura and configured to record from and/or stimulate the cortical surface. Also disclosed are methods for attaching a plurality of microelectrode arrays to form a neural interface device, and fabricating neural interfaces including microelectrode arrays and pockets to facilitate their insertion. The disclosed systems and methods also include neural decoding techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for neural interfaces. Neural interfaces may form minimally invasive and high-scalable bidirectional brain-computer interfaces, which may be used in the treatment of a variety of disorders of the brain and nervous system. Disclosed are methods for a minimally invasive technique for implanting neural interfaces, a neural interface configured to be placed between the brain and the dura and configured to record from and/or stimulate the cortical surface. Also disclosed are methods for attaching a plurality of microelectrode arrays to form a neural interface device, and fabricating neural interfaces including microelectrode arrays and pockets to facilitate their insertion. The disclosed systems and methods also include neural decoding techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stent-mesh and microelectrode assembly that is deployable using a catheter or cannula to form a neural interface for recording and/or stimulation of neural tissue. In some embodiments, the assembly may include a thin-film microelectrode array attached to a spring-like stent-mesh component. The thin-film microelectrode array may include an electrode body having two lateral wing-like appendages located distal to a thin-film flexible cable that terminates at the proximal end in a thin-film connector region. The stent-mesh may be attached to the thin-film microelectrode array and configured to be advanced to a target area in a collapsed state and then expanded after reaching the target area to transition the thin-film microelectrode array to a deployed configuration. Accordingly, the assembly may deliver the thin-film microelectrode array to a target area in a minimally invasive manner.