Abstract: Systems and methods for quantum secret splitting based on non-orthogonal multi-particle states are disclosed. The method includes preparing at a sender (“Charlie”) two qubits each of which can be in one of two non-orthogonal states and distributing the qubits to respective parties Alice and Bob. The method also includes measuring at Alice the state of the qubit she receives by a projective measurement so that the measurement result is either 0 or 1, and at Bob measuring the state of the qubit he receives such that the measurement result is either 0, 1 or f, wherein f represents a failure by Bob to properly measure the qubit state. The method also includes communicating between Alice, Bob and Charlie the outcome of their respective measurements so as to deduce the state of the qubits sent to Alice and Bob.

Abstract: The invention is a quantum circuit that unambiguously discriminates between two unknown quantum states of qubits. The circuit receives the qubits in the unknown states as inputs, or programs, in first and second program registers. A data register also receive a third qubit prepared in one of the two states stored in the program registers. The circuit, with some probability of success, determines which unknown state of the qubit in the data register matches the state stored in the first or second program registers. The optimal circuit, i.e., one that maximizes the probability of success, is universal because it does not depend on the actual unknown states to be discriminated. The quantum circuit has industrial applicability to quantum information, and in particular to quantum computing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantum secret splitting based on non-orthogonal multi-particle states are disclosed. The method includes preparing at a sender (“Charlie”) two qubits each of which can be in one of two non-orthogonal states and distributing the qubits to respective parties Alice and Bob. The method also includes measuring at Alice the state of the qubit she receives by a projective measurement so that the measurement result is either 0 or 1, and at Bob measuring the state of the qubit he receives such that the measurement result is either 0, 1 or ƒ, wherein ƒ represents a failure by Bob to properly measure the qubit state. The method also includes communicating between Alice, Bob and Charlie the outcome of their respective measurements so as to deduce the state of the qubits sent to Alice and Bob.