Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method that includes colliding a laser with an electron beam to produce backscattered x-rays while the electron beam is traversing a circular arc. This backscattering process is inverse Compton scattering (ICS). ICS x-rays are emitted in the same direction as the electrons. Because this ICS direction is changing as a function of time, the position of the x-ray beam on a detector will change depending on the timing of electron/laser collision. This position change is easily detected and converted to a timing measurement sensitive at the femtosecond scale, converting a very difficult timing measurement of laser pulse, electron pulse, and x-ray pulse synchronization into a simple and robust position measurement.

Abstract: A food preservation system including a refrigerator and a freezer, wherein the refrigerator and freezer are independent from each other; the refrigerator comprising a fresh food compartment; the freezer including an icemaker and means for receiving filtered water; a water filter located in the fresh food compartment; a water supply line leading into an inflow side of the water filter; a refrigerator inlet valve connected to an inlet side of the water filter and a water distribution valve, wherein the water distribution valve comprises an auxiliary icemaker water valve, the distribution valve connected to an outflow side of the water filter; tubing connecting an outflow side of the auxiliary icemaker water valve to the icemaker; and a refrigerator main controller, wherein the refrigerator main controller is in operable communication with the refrigerator inlet valve and the auxiliary icemaker water valve is provided, Methods to make ice with filtered water are also provided.

Abstract: A food preservation system including a refrigerator and a freezer, wherein the refrigerator and freezer are independent from each other; the refrigerator comprising a fresh food compartment; the freezer including an icemaker and means for receiving filtered water; a water filter located in the fresh food compartment; a water supply line leading into an inflow side of the water filter; a refrigerator inlet valve connected to an inlet side of the water filter and a water distribution valve, wherein the water distribution valve comprises an auxiliary icemaker water valve, the distribution valve connected to an outflow side of the water filter; tubing connecting an outflow side of the auxiliary icemaker water valve to the icemaker; and a refrigerator main controller, wherein the refrigerator main controller is in operable communication with the refrigerator inlet valve and the auxiliary icemaker water valve is provided, Methods to make ice with filtered water are also provided.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method that includes colliding a laser with an electron beam to produce backscattered x-rays while the electron beam is traversing a circular arc. This backscattering process is inverse Compton scattering (ICS). ICS x-rays are emitted in the same direction as the electrons. Because this ICS direction is changing as a function of time, the position of the x-ray beam on a detector will change depending on the timing of electron/laser collision. This position change is easily detected and converted to a timing measurement sensitive at the femtosecond scale, converting a very difficult timing measurement of laser pulse, electron pulse, and x-ray pulse synchronization into a simple and robust position measurement.

Abstract: An implantable electrode paddle is adapted to receive an electrical signal from a medical device and generate an electrical field to stimulate selected body tissue. The paddle includes a housing including walls that define an interior space and a plurality of windows formed through at least a first one of the walls for transmitting the electrical field to the body tissue, an electrode array including a plurality of electrode groups, each electrode group including at least two electrodes individually secured in a respective window and spaced between about 0.1 mm and about 10 mm apart, and a plurality of wires, each of the wires being coupled to a respective electrode and routed within the interior space to receive the electrical signal. A lead assembly and an implantable medical device can include the paddle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fluorescence dual sensor comprising a probe for sensing pH, a probe for sensing oxygen, an intra-reference probe and a matrix. The present invention also relates to methods of preparing an optical fluorescence dual sensor and methods of using them.

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining whether or not a horse is genetically normal, is a carrier of, or is affected with or predisposed to Congenital Stationary Night Blindness and/or leopard complex spotting. The method is based on detection of an insertion in an intron in the horse Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily M, Member 1 (TRPM1) gene.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for separation of particles of a first selected electrophoretic mobility or isoelectric point from a fluid comprising particles of at least one other selected electrophoretic mobility or isoelectric point. The devices comprise a microchannel; electrodes to either side of the microchannel for applying a selected voltage to produce an electrical field across the microchannel orthogonal to the length of the microchannel; and outlets in said microchannel placed to receive outlet portions of the fluid containing enhanced concentrations of each type of particle. The devices may be used for particle detection, quantification, separation, mixing, dilution and concentration; to release, separate and detect interior particles of cells or organisms, and to separate particles such as proteins and microorganisms from biological fluids such as blood; or to separate and detect airborne contaminants such as bacterial warfare agents from air.

Abstract: Systems and methods for growing photosynthetic cells that may be used to produce a biomass. The systems and methods recycle liquid and can produce a high cell concentration harvested biomass.

Abstract: An implantable electrode paddle is adapted to receive an electrical signal from a medical device and generate an electrical field to stimulate selected body tissue. The paddle includes a housing including walls that define an interior space and a plurality of windows formed through at least a first one of the walls for transmitting the electrical field to the body tissue, an electrode array including a plurality of electrode groups, each electrode group including at least two electrodes individually secured in a respective window and spaced between about 0.1 mm and about 10 mm apart, and a plurality of wires, each of the wires being coupled to a respective electrode and routed within the interior space to receive the electrical signal. A lead assembly and an implantable medical device can include the paddle.

Abstract: An implantable electrode paddle is adapted to receive an electrical signal from a medical device and generate an electrical field to stimulate selected body tissue. The paddle includes a housing including walls that define an interior space and a plurality of windows formed through at least a first one of the walls for transmitting the electrical field to the body tissue, an electrode array including a plurality of electrode groups, each electrode group including at least two electrodes individually secured in a respective window and spaced between about 0.1 mm and about 10 mm apart, and a plurality of wires, each of the wires being coupled to a respective electrode and routed within the interior space to receive the electrical signal. A lead assembly and an implantable medical device can include the paddle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, components, devices and methods for automated yeast pedigree analysis. Systems, components, devices and methods for analyzing microorganisms, cells, particles and molecules are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for storing a particle-containing liquid. The storage apparatus comprises a microfluidic convoluted flow channel having a plurality of particle capture regions. The storage channel is preferably an isotropic spatially periodic channel. Sedimented particles can be resuspended following storage. This invention further provides a microfluidic analysis cartridge having a convoluted storage channel therein. The sample analysis can use optical, electrical, pressure sensitive, or flow sensitive detection. A plurality of analysis channels can be included in a single cartridge. The analysis channels can be joined to reagent inlets for diluents, indicators or lysing agents. A mixing channel can be positioned between the reagent inlet and the analysis region to allow mixing and reaction of the reagent. The cartridge can include additional valves and pumps for flow management.

Abstract: A rotor (14) is located within a rotor chamber (12) formed in a housing (24). A drive shaft (16) extends from a motor and couples to the drive shaft interconnect (46) at the center of the rotor (14). One side of the rotor (14) is provided with circumferentially spaced apart radial rows of mincing edges (20). These edges (20) are situated on concentric circles or on a spiral. They are elongated circumferentially and may be situated substantially on an arc and substantially on an arc or on a chord. During use, the rotor (14) is rotated after biopsy obtained tissue (10) has been placed in the rotor chamber (12) on the side of the rotor (14) that includes the mincing edges (20). A fluid is delivered into and out from the rotor chamber (12) as the rotor (14) is being rotated to mince the biopsy, lyse the cells, and release the cell nuclei from the obtained tissue. Cell nuclei are expelled from the chamber (12) and are moved through a filter (58).

Abstract: An implantable electrode paddle is adapted to receive an electrical signal from a medical device and generate an electrical field to stimulate selected body tissue. The paddle includes a housing including walls that define an interior space and a plurality of windows formed through at least a first one of the walls for transmitting the electrical field to the body tissue, an electrode array including a plurality of electrode groups, each electrode group including at least two electrodes individually secured in a respective window and spaced between about 0.1 mm and about 10 mm apart, and a plurality of wires, each of the wires being coupled to a respective electrode and routed within the interior space to receive the electrical signal. A lead assembly and an implantable medical device can include the paddle.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for separation of particles of a first selected electrophoretic mobility or isoelectric point from a fluid comprising particles of at least one other selected electrophoretic mobility or isoelectric point. The devices comprise a microchannel comprising an inlet for introducing the fluid into the microchannel; electrodes to either side of the microchannel for applying a selected voltage to produce an electrical field across the microchannel orthogonal to the length of the microchannel; and outlets in said microchannel placed to receive outlet portions of the fluid containing enhanced concentrations of each type of particle. The devices may be used for particle detection, quantification, separation, mixing, dilution and concentration. Electrophoretic tags may be used to provide particles with altered electrophoretic mobilities and/or isoelectric points. Interior particles of cells or organisms may be released, separated and detected by these devices and methods.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead having a fixation helix which is surface treated along at least a portion to have a relatively high microscopic area along with a relatively low macroscopic area. In the preferred embodiment, such a surface treated portion is accomplished with a porous platinized construction. The surface treated portion further has a bioabsorbable coating in order to permit the helix to be inserted into the heart tissue without causing damage to the heart tissue through the engagement of the surface treated portion with heart tissue during insertion. In the preferred embodiment the bioabsorbable material is mannitol, although other bioabsorbable materials may also be used, such as a material which is no more than sparingly soluble in water, for example, the steroid beclomethasone dipropionate anhydrous. Through such a construction the helix may be inserted into tissue while the coating of absorbable materials provides a smooth surface between the surface treated portion of the helix and the tissue.