Abstract: A change of state of weed seeds to having reduced germination viability in under one minute by illuminating a seed with at least one of 2 J/cm2 cumulative illumination energy, and 0.2 W/cm2 irradiance, but no more than 7 W/cm2 average irradiance, of at least one of an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution (IRID), and infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) radiation, preferably 2-8 microns. The MWIR radiation from heated borosilicate glass or glass powder at just under 500 C offered a peak MWIR emission of 3.75 microns was unexpectedly effective, and can be used in a radiant and transmissive weed seed accumulator transport belt. The process can be incorporated into a harvester combine to convert a tailings flow prior to discharge on an agricultural field. An illuminated harvest combine using an illuminator according to the invention allows reduction of the weed seed bank.

Abstract: Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination signaling where a short-time dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by substantial high temperature thermally-induced leaf and plant component failure or incineration. An Indigo Region Illumination Distribution of wavelength 300 nm to 550 nm is directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, while infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared radiation of 2-20 microns wavelength, 2.4-8.0 microns preferred, is directed to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator that uses specific unnatural irradiances that provide unexpected plant control. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400° F. to 1000° F.

Abstract: Rapid pulse programming of a seed, to obtain improved germination probability, and increased root mass, and crop yield, by illuminating the seed with radiation of a wavelength distribution from 300 nm to 20 microns, with a minimum average irradiance of 0.2 Watts/cm2 and a maximum average irradiance of 7 Watts/cm2, and having a narrow specific range of cumulative illumination energy from ½ Joules/cm2 to 3 Joules/cm2 or a higher transition point cumulative illumination energy, so as to specifically engage an irradiance-sensitive and energy-sensitive hidden stimulative exposure response in the seed and so as to avoid illumination of higher cumulative illumination energy that would cause a different and destructive exposure response in the seed. Preferred wavelengths include one or both of Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) radiation and an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution (IRID), which may be applied to an illuminated agricultural planter.

Abstract: Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination signaling where a short-time dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by substantial high temperature thermally-induced leaf and plant component failure or incineration. An Indigo Region Illumination Distribution of wavelength 300 nm to 550 nm is directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, while infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared radiation of 2-20 microns wavelength, 2.4-8.0 microns preferred, is directed to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator that uses specific unnatural irradiances that provide unexpected plant control. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400° F. to 1000° F.

Abstract: Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination signaling where a short-time dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by substantial high temperature thermally-induced leaf and plant component failure or incineration. An Indigo Region Illumination Distribution of wavelength 300 nm to 550 nm is directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, while infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared radiation of 2-20 microns wavelength, 2.4-8.0 microns preferred, is directed to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400° F. to 1000° F.

Abstract: A change of state of weed seeds to having reduced germination viability in one minute by illuminating a seed in a processing theater to achieve at least one of 0.66 J/cm2 cumulative illumination energy, and 0.06 W/cm2 irradiance, of at least one of an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution (IRID), and Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) radiation, preferably 2-8 microns, with no high energy transfers, scalding, heat shock, cooking or incineration. The MWIR radiation from heated borosilicate glass or glass powder at just under 500 C offered a peak MWIR emission of 3.75 microns, and was unexpectedly effective, and can be used in a radiant and transmissive weed seed accumulator transport belt. The process can be incorporated into a harvester combine to convert a tailings flow prior to discharge on an agricultural field. An illuminated harvest combine using an illuminator according to the invention allows reduction of the weed seed bank.

Abstract: Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination trauma where a dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by severe scalding, heat shock, or incineration. Two radiations are applied: an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution that can extend from 300 nm to 550 nm to be directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, and a Medium Wavelength Infrared distribution of light, ranging from 2-20 microns wavelength to be directed to the ground, to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. Plants can include seeds, and seedlings, and biomass can be irradiated to control weed seeds such as from a combine. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400 F to 1000 F.

Abstract: Extremely fast dynamic control is allowed for hybrid PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) distributed power production using concentrated solar power by manipulating the transmissive or reflective state of a capture element or mirror or lens that can pass highly concentrated solar light from one energy conversion device to another, such as a thermal collector and a photovoltaic receiver, such as a vertical multijunction cell array. This allows superior quality electrical backfeed into an electric utility, enhanced plant electrical production revenue, and responsiveness to a multitude of conditions to meet new stringent engineering requirements for distributed power plants. The mirror or lens can be physically articulated using fast changing of a spatial variable, or can be a fixed smart material that changes state. A mechanical jitter or variable state jitter can be applied to the capture element, including at utility electric grid line frequency.

Abstract: Thermal, electrical and/or optical interfacing for three-dimensional optoelectronic devices, such as semiconductor device billets, allows high intensity operation, such as for receiving and transducing extremely high intensity light shined onto a small surface semiconductor optoelectronic device such as a photovoltaic receiver or cell, transducer, waveguide or splitter. This allows high intensity energy transfer for beam receiving, signal acquisition, and beam or signal generation for high intensity power beaming and wireless power transmission. Preferred embodiments include three-dimensional photovoltaic receiver billets capable of receiving thousands of suns intensity or high intensity laser light for power conversion, such as by using edge-illuminated vertical multijunction photovoltaic receivers. Heat sink holding structures assist in thermal and electromagnetic communication with opposing billet surfaces.

Abstract: Extremely fast dynamic control is allowed for hybrid PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) distributed power production using concentrated solar power by manipulating the transmissive or reflective state of a capture element or mirror or lens that can pass highly concentrated solar light from one energy conversion device to another, such as a thermal collector and a photovoltaic receiver, such as a vertical multijunction cell array. This allows superior quality electrical backfeed into an electric utility, enhanced plant electrical production revenue, and responsiveness to a multitude of conditions to meet new stringent engineering requirements for distributed power plants. The mirror or lens can be physically articulated using fast changing of a spatial variable, or can be a fixed smart material that changes state. A mechanical jitter or variable state jitter can be applied to the capture element, including at utility electric grid line frequency.

Abstract: Extracting and processing video content encoded in a rendered color space to be emulated by an ambient light source, comprising extracting dominant color information from a video signal and transforming the color information through unrendered color space using tristimulus primary matrices to form a second rendered color space for ambient distribution. Steps include quantizing the rendered color space to form an assigned color distribution, such as by reducing possible color states, or binning to form superpixels; and selecting a dominant color using a mode, mean, median, or weighted average of pixel chromaticities. A color of interest can be further analyzed to produce a true dominant color, and past video frames can guide selection of dominant colors in future frames.

Abstract: Extracting and processing video content encoded in a rendered color space to be emulated by an ambient light source, using perceptual rules for intelligent dominant color selection. Steps include quantizing the video color space; performing dominant color extraction by using a mode, median, mean, or weighted average of pixel chromaticities; applying perceptual rules to further derive dominant chromaticities via [1] chromaticity transforms; [2] a weighted average using a pixel weighting function influenced by scene content; and [3] extended dominant color extraction where pixel weighting is reduced for majority pixels; and [4] transforming the dominant color chosen to the ambient light color space using tristimulus matrices. A color of interest can be further analyzed to produce a true dominant color, and past video frames can guide selection of dominant colors in future frames.

Abstract: Active diffuser frame system (A) for a video display (D) provides ambient lighting in viewer object mode and relies on real-time video input only, with no separate lighting script required. The system uses a controllable light source, and multiple inputs to improve realism and fidelity. Video inputs include actual display light; sensing of display light; and the video display signal. The frame can include a light modulator, or a goniophotometric or goniochromatic element to change character (intensity, color) of ambient light as a function of viewing angles, or a photoluminescent emitter for new chromaticities outside the display color gamut. The frame can split light between the viewer and the frame input, and can derive an added video signal to drive selected display pixels to boost output of display light into the frame.

Abstract: Extracting and processing video content encoded in a rendered color space to be emulated by an ambient light source, comprising extracting dominant color information from a video signal and transforming the color information through unrendered color space using tristimulus primary matrices to form a second rendered color space for ambient distribution. Steps include quantizing the rendered color space to form an assigned color distribution, such as by reducing possible color states, or binning to form superpixels; and selecting a dominant color using a mode, mean, median, or weighted average of pixel chromaticities. A color of interest can be further analyzed to produce a true dominant color, and past video frames can guide selection of dominant colors in future frames.