Abstract: This invention is a process for removing volatile impurities from a crude isocyanate compound which is prepared in the phosgenation of a primary amine, comprising heating said crude isocyanate compound to a temperature to volatilize said volatile impurities in the presence of an acidic material containing a plurality of strong acid groups. The process permits faster, more complete removal of hydrolyzable chloride impurities than conventional processes.

Abstract: Vertical chlor-alkali cell metal anode in the shape of a double L having a hollow interior and a footing which can be attached to the anode's base by manipulations external to the anode's interior and whose hollow interior allows generated chlorine gas to rise inside the anode's interior, and whose design reduces the electrode gap thereby reducing the cell's operating voltage.

Abstract: Vertical chlor-alkali cell metal anode in the shape of a double L having a hollow interior and a footing which can be attached to the anode's base by manipulations external to the anode's interior and whose hollow interior allows generated chlorine gas to rise inside the anode's interior, and whose design reduces the electrode gap thereby reducing the cell's operating voltage.

Abstract: Electroconductive substrates for use as oxygen electrodes are coated with an optional interface layer and then with cobalt oxide spinels conforming substantially to the empirical formulaM.sub.x Z.sub.y CO.sub.3.sbsb.-(x+y) O.sub.4where M represents at least one metal from the Groups IB, IIA, IIB, where Z represents at least one metal from Group IA where x is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 1, where y is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 0.5, and where (x plus 2y) is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 1. The composites are prepared by thermally oxidizing metal oxide precursors in-situ on the substrate, including, optionally, modifier metal oxide materials as a separate dispersed phase in the contiguous spinel structure. The interface layer comprises at least one oxide of Pb, Sn, Sb, Al, In, or mixtures of these. The electrodes are used as the anodic means in an electrolysis cell wherein oxygen is produced by electrolyzing an oxygen-containing electrolyte.

Abstract: Electroconductive substrates are coated with an interface layer and then with cobalt oxide spinels conforming substantially to the empirical formulaM.sub.x Z.sub.y Co.sub.3-(x+y) O.sub.4where M represents at least one metal from the Groups IB, IIA, IIB, where Z represents at least one metal from Group IA where x is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 1, where y is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 0.5, and where (x plus 2y) is equal to or greater than zero but not greater than 1. The composites are prepared by thermally oxidizing metal oxide precursors in-situ on the substrate, including, optionally, modifier metal oxide materials as a separate dispersed phase in the contiguous spinel structure. The interface layer comprises at least one oxide of Pb, Sn, Sb, Al, In, or mixtures of these.

Abstract: Electroconductive substrates are coated with substituted cobalt oxide spinels conforming substantially to the empirical formulaM.sub.x Z.sub.y Co.sub.3-(x+y) O.sub.4where M and Z each represent at least one metal from the Groups IB, IIA, IIB, where x and y each, independently are values greater than zero but less than 1, and where x plus y is not greater than 1. The composites are prepared by thermally oxidizing metal oxide precursors in-situ on the substrate, including, optionally, modifier metal oxide materials as a separate dispersed phase in the contiguous spinel structure. The composites are useful, e.g., as an anode material in an electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Electroconductive substrates are coated with substituted cobalt oxide spinels conforming substantial to the empirical formulaM.sub.x Z.sub.y Co.sub.3-(x+y) O.sub.4where M comprises at least one metal from the Groups IB, IIA, IIB, where Z comprises at least one metal from Group IA, where x is equal to or greater than zero but less than one, where y is greater than zero but not greater than 0.5, and where x plus 2y is not greater than 1. The composites are prepared by thermally oxidizing metal oxide precursors in-situ on the substrate, including, optionally, modifier metal oxide materials as a separate dispersed phase in the continuous spinel structure.

Abstract: Cohalogenation of unsaturated polyesters containing pendant unsaturation and a dicyclopentadienyl ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid is carried out at room temperature or lower to simultaneously and selectively halogenate the non .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturation. These materials have utility in plastics, such as fire-retardant castings.

Abstract: Electrodes particularly suitable for use as anodes in electrolytic cells are prepared by coating an electrically-conductive substrate with a thermally-decomposable inorganic cobalt compound and then thermally oxidizing the inorganic cobalt compound under conditions at which the single-metal spinel, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, is formed.