Abstract: A holding device including a sleeve wall having an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface. The inner wall surface forms a capsule insertion channel extending through an entirety of the sleeve wall. A lip is at an end of the capsule insertion channel and extends toward a center of the capsule insertion channel. The inner wall surface has a recess at a first distance along the inner wall surface from the lip, a base extending outward from the outer wall surface of the sleeve wall; and a flexible retaining element in the recess. The recess being configured to prevent movement of the flexible retaining element along the inner wall. The flexible retaining element having a cross-sectional profile with a first width at a side closer to the lip, and a second width at a side farther from the lip, the first width being larger than the second width.

Abstract: A method of using a nebulizer includes connecting a medicine vial containing a medicine solution to the nebulizer and reading a medicine conductivity and/or pH value from the medicine vial. The conductivity and/or pH of the medicine solution is measured and compared with the medicine conductivity and/or pH value. When the medicine conductivity and/or pH value and the measured conductivity and/or pH of the medicine solution match, the flow rate value and dosage timings are read from the medicine vial; and the mesh is activated at the medicine flow rate value to produce a plume of particles of a medicine solution at the beginning of an inhalation. The active mesh is deactivated to stop making particles by manually or at a calculated time. The activation of the active mesh is restricted to approved users by means of an authentication code or biometric feature information.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing pulmonary devices such as endotracheal tubes and connectors is disclosed. The apparatus forces a predetermined volume of air or gas through the pulmonary device in accordance with a preselected waveform in a first and/or second direction under conditions that simulate an in-patient use environment. The device also measures the amount of work required to force the air or gas through the device under selected conditions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device produces a laminar or turbulent flow of gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing pulmonary devices such as endotracheal tubes and connectors is disclosed. The apparatus forces a predetermined volume of air or gas through the pulmonary device in accordance with a preselected waveform in a first and/or second direction under conditions that simulate an in-patient use environment. The device also measures the amount of work required to force the air or gas through the device under selected conditions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device produces a laminar or turbulent flow of gas.