Abstract: Provided is a compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as defined herein for use in the treatment or prevention of a Dirofilaria infection in a mammal, The compounds are also for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions caused by a Dirofilaria infection in a mammal. Also described are corresponding methods of treating or preventing a Dirofilaria infection in a mammal.

Abstract: This invention includes an optical concentrator which focuses incident sunlight onto a photovoltaic cell or group of photovoltaic cells which is mounted in thermal contact with a radiator comprising ultra-light graphene sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the optical concentrator comprises a thin Fresnel lens, the photovoltaic cell or group of photovoltaic cells comprises a high-efficiency multi junction device, and the graphene radiator comprises a very thin and light sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the graphene radiator is deployed and supported in space as a stressed membrane by employing tension in one or more directions.

Abstract: A passive collimating skylight system includes an energy-receiving aperture defining a first plane and an energy-delivering aperture defining a second plane that is spaced apart from and non-parallel to the first plane. An energy-directing passageway extends between the energy-receiving aperture and the energy-delivering aperture to redirect radiant energy incident on the energy-collecting aperture over a range of incidence angles to the energy-delivering aperture so that the redirected radiant energy emerges from the energy-delivering aperture over a range of emergence angles that is smaller than the range of incidence angles. The passageway is defined by a wall having a first end that defines the energy-delivering aperture and a second end that defines the energy-collecting aperture, the wall tapering inwardly and having a reflective inner surface along substantially the entire length from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: A passive collimating skylight system includes an energy-receiving aperture defining a first plane and an energy-delivering aperture defining a second plane that is spaced apart from and non-parallel to the first plane. An energy-directing passageway extends between the energy-receiving aperture and the energy-delivering aperture to redirect radiant energy incident on the energy-collecting aperture over a range of incidence angles to the energy-delivering aperture so that the redirected radiant energy emerges from the energy-delivering aperture over a range of emergence angles that is smaller than the range of incidence angles. The passageway is defined by a wall having a first end that defines the energy-delivering aperture and a second end that defines the energy-collecting aperture, the wall tapering inwardly and having a reflective inner surface along substantially the entire length from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: A passive collimating skylight system includes an energy-receiving aperture defining a first plane and an energy-delivering aperture defining a second plane that is spaced apart from and non-parallel to the first plane. An energy-directing passageway extends between the energy-receiving aperture and the energy-delivering aperture to redirect radiant energy incident on the energy-collecting aperture over a range of incidence angles to the energy-delivering aperture so that the redirected radiant energy emerges from the energy-delivering aperture over a range of emergence angles that is smaller than the range of incidence angles. The passageway is defined by a wall having a first end that defines the energy-delivering aperture and a second end that defines the energy-collecting aperture, the wall tapering inwardly and having a reflective inner surface along substantially the entire length from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: A photovoltaic receiver for a concentrating photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic cell comprising an active area with an electrically conductive gridline; an encapsulating layer disposed substantially about a predetermined portion of the photovoltaic cell where the encapsulating layer comprises a transparent portion disposed over a predetermined portion of the photovoltaic cell active area; and a prismatic cell cover attached to the transparent portion. The prismatic cell cover is dimensioned and configured to refract focused sunlight away from the electrically conductive gridline on the solar cell.

Abstract: A solar photovoltaic concentrator panel comprises a Fresnel lens concentrator which may be arched and a photovoltaic receiver within a container comprising a top window. The lens, photovoltaic cell, and window may be affixed in a container with no internal sun-tracking mechanisms or related internal moving parts such as motors, drive systems, or bearings. The window is transparent and the bottom of the container typically dimensioned and configured as a heat exchanger to passively dissipate waste heat from the photovoltaic receiver to the ambient environment. The Fresnel lens concentrator is typically a free-standing Fresnel lens concentrator disposed within the container at a fixed position relative to an interior dimension of the container, optically forming a focal region of concentrated sunlight.

Abstract: A color-mixing lens for use in a concentrator system and methods of manufacture and operation thereof. The color-mixing lens includes: (1) a light-transmissive substrate that receives broad spectrum light from a source, (2) a first plurality of prisms, located on the substrate, that refract and chromatically disperse the light received therein toward a first plurality of locations on an active region of a target cell, and (3) a second plurality of prisms located on the substrate that refract and chromatically disperse the light received therein toward a second plurality of locations on the active region. Relative dimensions of the first and second pluralities of prisms are preselected to cause the chromatically-dispersed light to mix and thereby increase a power output of the target cell by reducing inter-junction currents therein.

Abstract: A novel low-cost solar photovoltaic module using line-focus lenses and photovoltaic receivers incorporating high-performance photovoltaic cells is described. It consists of an array of linear arched Fresnel lenses with a linear photovoltaic cell receiver located along the focal line of each lens. The lens consists of a protective superstrate with molded silicone Fresnel grooves on its inner surface. The photovoltaic cell receiver consists of high efficiency cells interconnected in a string with a solid secondary optical element adhesive bonded to the cells. The entrance aperture of each secondary optical element is rectangular in shape and the optical secondaries are butted up against each other in a line to form a continuous entrance aperture along the focal line. In addition to providing more concentrated sunlight, the solid optical secondaries shield the cells against radiation damage.

Abstract: A photovoltaic receiver is disclosed where said receiver includes at last one photovoltaic cell coupled to an electrical load via the use of an electrical conductor and a bypass diode, the combination secured to a heat sink via the use of a Tefzel film incorporating a pressure sensitive adhesive on both its upper and lower surfaces, a prismatic top cover and a second Tefzel film layer secured to said first layer so as to encapsulate said photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A novel low-cost solar photovoltaic module using line-focus lenses and photovoltaic receivers incorporating high-performance tandem cell-stacks is described. It consists of an array of linear arched Fresnel lenses with a linear tandem-cell receiver located along the focal line of each lens. The lens consists of a glass protective superstrate with molded silicone Fresnel grooves on its inner surface. The tandem cell receiver consists of high efficiency cell-stacks interconnected in a string with a secondary optical element adhesive bonded to each cell-stack. The entrance aperture of each secondary optical element is rectangular in shape and the optical secondaries are butted up against each other in a line to form a continuous entrance aperture along the focal line. Each optical secondary provides for sunlight concentration in two dimensions so that its base bonded to the cell-stack is smaller in both the direction along the focal line as well as perpendicular to it.

Abstract: A solar thermal energy collector includes a thermal receiver for receiving thermal energy from incident solar radiation and converting that energy, with minimum heat loss, into thermal energy transferred to and carried by a thermal fluid in a copper conductor. The copper tube is placed within a lower aluminum extrusion and may be secured thereto with a metal-filled silicone adhesive. The adhesive also acts as a heat-transfer device. The lower aluminum extrusion rests upon a foundation of isocyanurate urethane insulation which in turn rests upon the lower portion of a solar collector so that the central axis of the thermal fluid conducting tube lies along the axis of concentration of received solar energy. An upper aluminum extrusion is placed on top of the upper half of the copper tube and secured thereto with metal-filled silicone adhesive. The top surface of the upper aluminum extrusion is painted black and has a triangular-faceted surface.

Abstract: A solar energy collector including a primary optical concentrator, one or more solar cells and an improved solar cell cover design is provided. Each of the solar cells includes a flexible cell cover which significantly reduces optical losses due to gridline obscuration of active cell area and also due to reflection from the cover itself. The cover comprises an optically clear, flexible material, such as a silicone polymer, placed over the illuminated surface of each solar cell, with prisms formed on the outer surface of the cover such that incident sunlight is refracted by the prisms onto active cell area rather than partially onto non-active gridlines or conducting elements. Each of the prisms has a predetermined shape depending on the type of primary optical concentrator used in the solar energy collector.

Abstract: A solar thermal energy collector includes a thermal receiver for receiving thermal energy from incident solar radiation and converting that energy, with minimum heat loss, into thermal energy transferred to and carried by a thermal fluid in a copper conductor. The copper tube is placed within a lower aluminum extrusion and may be secured thereto with a metal-filled silicone adhesive. The adhesive also acts as a heat-transfer device. The lower aluminum extrusion rests upon a foundation of isocyanurate urethane insulation which in turn rests upon the lower portion of a solar collector so that the central axis of the thermal fluid conducting tube lies along the axis of concentration of received solar energy. An upper aluminum extrusion is placed on top of the upper half of the copper tube and secured thereto with metal-filled silicone adhesive. The top surface of the upper aluminum extrusion is painted black and has a triangular-faceted surface.

Abstract: A refractive optical concentrator for focussing solar energy on to small focal spots includes a linear Fresnel lens optically cross-coupled with simple cylindrical lenses. The cross-coupled lens concentrator comprises an optically clear dielectric material, such as acrylic plastic, with a plurality of linear prisms formed on its inner surface, and a plurality of perpendicularly mounted cylindrical lenses formed on its outer surface, such that the cylindrical lenses focus the sunlight toward a series of lateral axes and the prisms re-focus the sunlight along a longitudinal axis. The bi-focussed radiant energy is thereby concentrated upon a series of photovoltaic cells for transforming sunlight into electrical energy.

Abstract: A prismatic plate is mounted with its flat face exposed to the sun on a reflector panel for use in a solar energy collection system. The plate includes a plurality of triangular prisms with parallel longitudinal axes shaped to provide total internal reflection of incident light rays. Each prism has a cross section forming a right-angled isosceles triangle with the two equal-length, rear faces of the prism oriented at 45 degrees relative to the front face of the plate. The base of each prism forms or is parallel to a front plate surface which receives incident solar light rays. The rays are transmitted through the plate cross section without refraction in the plane of the cross section to be reflected from the two rear faces and back out the front face toward a solar receiver. The prism material has an index of refraction equal to or greater than the square root of two so that there is total internal reflection from the prism faces.

Abstract: A curved prismatic, Fresnel-type lens primarily used for concentrating sunlight in a solar energy collector. The lens comprises a substantially smooth, convex outer surface and a plurality of prisms arranged side-by-side along a curve on the inner surface to direct incoming light to a common area. Each of the individual prisms has a front and back face joined by a bottom face. The front and back faces of the prisms are oriented such that the angle of incidence of the incoming light with the front face is equal to the angle of incidence of the outgoing light with the back face. Further, each of the prisms is arranged along the curve such that they do not obstruct light passing through any adjacent prism. The bottom face of each prism is over-extended beyond the path of the light passing through the prism to prevent loss of light due to blockage by the bottom face or the rounded point between the back face and bottom face.

Abstract: An array of linear lenses is used as a combination roof-skylight-solar collector. The lenses are oriented at a given latitude to face the most remote of the earth's poles inclined by the local latitude angle. Moving absorbers are used to receive the sunlight at the focal spot of each lens. The absorbers move back and forth during the day as the sun's position changes, causing the focal spots to move.