Abstract: A method of dosing a system with HCL is provided. The method includes at least two parallel trains. The method utilizes a first operating mode, wherein at least one primary train is actively providing HCL to an end user, and at least one secondary train is either inactive or also providing HCL to the end user. The method utilizes a second operating mode, wherein the least one primary train is evacuating the contents of the train to a disposal system, and the at least one secondary train is providing HCL to the end user. And the system utilizes a third operating mode, wherein the at least one primary train is purging the train, and the at least one secondary train is providing HCL to the end user. The first operating mode, the second operating mode, and the third operating mode are controlled by an electronic monitoring and control system.

Abstract: Another method of mixing at least two gases is provided. This method includes providing a mixture composition control, comprising a predetermined composition input and a composition trim input. Providing N gas flow meters, wherein N is 3 or more. Configuring the N flow meters to adjust the N gas flows to maintain the line pressure at a predetermined value, while maintaining the predetermined composition. Adding the N measured gas flow, thereby determining the total gas flow at the first predetermined intervals of time. Adjusting the composition trim input to vary the composition of the mixed gas, without modifying the predetermined composition input. And sounding an alarm, and/or terminating both the N gas flows, if either of the following exceed a predetermined range value: the instantaneous calculated theoretical percentage for any of the N gas flows, or the cumulative calculated theoretical percentage for any of the N gas flows.

Abstract: A method of mixing at N gases is provided. This method includes providing N gas flow meters, including N gas flows, wherein N is 3 or more. Measuring each of the N gas flows, at first predetermined intervals of time, and totaling each of the measured N flows over a second predetermined interval of time. Adding the N measured gas flows, thereby determining the total gas flow at the second predetermined interval of time. Dividing the total gas flow for each of the N gas flows by the total gas flow, thereby determining a cumulative calculated theoretical percentage for each of the N gas flows over the second predetermined interval of time. And sounding an alarm, and/or terminating the N gas flows, if the cumulative calculated theoretical percentage for any of the N gas flows exceeds a predetermined range value.

Abstract: A method of mixing at least two gases is provided. This method includes providing a mixture composition control, including a predetermined composition input and a composition trim input. Providing N gas flow meters, including a N gas flows, and N desired gas flow rates determined by the mixture composition control, wherein N is 3 or more. Mixing the N gas flows, thereby producing a mixed gas flow at the predetermined composition and at a line pressure. Configuring the N flow meters to adjust the N gas flows to maintain the line pressure at a predetermined value, while maintaining the predetermined composition. And adjusting the composition trim input to vary the composition of the mixed gas, without modifying the predetermined composition input.

Abstract: A controlled ambient temperature vaporization system including a source of liquid carbon dioxide at a supply pressure, a pressure reduction valve is provided. The system is configured to reduce the liquid carbon dioxide from the supply pressure to a delivery pressure, a heat exchange device. The system is also configured to exchange heat between a stream of ambient temperature air and the carbon dioxide at delivery pressure, thereby producing a vaporized carbon dioxide stream. The system also includes a backpressure regulator, configured to maintain the vaporized carbon dioxide above a minimum delivery pressure.

Abstract: Another method of mixing at least two gases is provided. This method includes providing a mixture composition control, comprising a predetermined composition input and a composition trim input. Providing N gas flow meters, wherein N is 3 or more. Configuring the N flow meters to adjust the N gas flows to maintain the line pressure at a predetermined value, while maintaining the predetermined composition. Adding the N measured gas flow, thereby determining the total gas flow at the first predetermined intervals of time. Adjusting the composition trim input to vary the composition of the mixed gas, without modifying the predetermined composition input. And sounding an alarm, and/or terminating both the N gas flows, if either of the following exceed a predetermined range value: the instantaneous calculated theoretical percentage for any of the N gas flows, or the cumulative calculated theoretical percentage for any of the N gas flows.