Abstract: A spectrometry system for spectroscopically analyzing a sample is provided. The system includes an excitation source for interacting with the sample; a detector for detecting at least a portion of light absorbed or emitted by the sample, the excitation source and detector being optically coupled via an optical pathway; and an aperture positioned in the optical pathway for limiting transmission of light from the excitation source to the detector; wherein the aperture is configured to have a spatially varying distribution of one or more geometric features that provide regions of variable transmission around an edge of the aperture. Also provided is a mask for use with a spectrometry system, the mask configured to be positioned in an optical pathway between an excitation source and a detector, wherein the mask has a spatially varying distribution of one or more geometric features that provide regions of variable transmission around an edge of the aperture.

Abstract: An ultrasonic nebulizer includes a piezoelectric element that vibrates responsive to a drive signal having an alternating voltage. A nebulizing layer that may be a passive resonator is bonded to a first surface of the piezoelectric element and has an outer surface that transforms a liquid into a mist responsive to vibration of the piezoelectric element. The surface of the passive resonator may be textured to guide flow of liquid.