Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for generation of assembled three-dimensional organoids with defined numbers and ratios of mature neurons and mature glia. Organoids can be assembled from mature neurons and mature glia derived from induced pluripotent stem cells having at least one genetic mutation associated with a neurological disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, or a neurodegenerative disease. Such organoids can be used in disease modeling and drug screening. In particular, assembled three-dimensional organoids are provided that model granulin (GRN) loss of function in neurons and astrocytes, which display many of the pathological features of neuronal ceroid lipofusis and frontotemporal dementia.

Abstract: The device includes a first fiber optic transmitter (FOT) to receive a millimeter wave (MMW) signal and to generate a multiple sideband optical signal, and a second FOT to generate a second optical signal, from a reference signal. A first wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical filter is connected to the first FOT to separate a first sideband into a plurality of first sideband channels, and to separate a second sideband into a plurality of second sideband channels, and a second WDM optical filter is connected to the second FOT to separate a reference sideband into a plurality of reference sideband channels. A detector receives the plurality of first sideband channels, to detect an active channel from among the plurality of first sideband channels. Fiber arrays receive the plurality of second sideband channels, and the plurality of reference sideband channels, and an optical coupler generates a combined signal therefrom.

Abstract: The device includes a first fiber optic transmitter (FOT) to receive a millimeter wave (MMW) signal and to generate a multiple sideband optical signal, and a second FOT to generate a second optical signal, from a reference signal. A first wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical filter is connected to the first FOT to separate a first sideband into a plurality of first sideband channels, and to separate a second sideband into a plurality of second sideband channels, and a second WDM optical filter is connected to the second FOT to separate a reference sideband into a plurality of reference sideband channels. A detector receives the plurality of first sideband channels, to detect an active channel from among the plurality of first sideband channels. Fiber arrays receive the plurality of second sideband channels, and the plurality of reference sideband channels, and an optical coupler generates a combined signal therefrom.

Abstract: An optically amplified back-up receiver includes an optical splitter for receiving a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communications signal by splitting the signal into a low power WDM optical signal onto a back-up path where it is amplified and an optical signal of desired wavelength selected. A PIN detector receives the optical signal at the desired wavelength and converts the optical signal into an electrical communications signal.

Abstract: An optically amplified back-up receiver includes an optical splitter for receiving a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communications signal by splitting the signal into a low power WDM optical signal onto a back-up path where it is amplified and an optical signal of desired wavelength selected. A PIN detector receives the optical signal at the desired wavelength and converts the optical signal into an electrical communications signal.